Heather worked on this constitution. I worked on 9/34/03 This is ready to go. *** CSTART MN 08/30/1857 11/05/1974 *** *** MSTART 001 010.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1858 *** Ratified April 15, 1858 SEC. 10. The credit of this State shall never be given or loaned in aid of any individual association or corporation, except that for the purpose of expediting the construction of the lines of Railroads, in aid of which the Congress of the United States has granted lands to the Territory of Minnesota, the Governor shall cause to be issued and delivered to each of the Companies in which said grants are vested by the Legislative Assembly of Minnesota, the special bonds of the State, bearing an interest of seven per cent. per annum payable semi-annually in the City of New York, as a loan of public credit, to art amount not exceeding twelve hundred and fifty thousand dollars, or art aggregate amount to all of said Companies not exceeding five millions of dollars, in manner following, to wit: Whenever either of the said Companies shall produce to the Governor satisfactory evidence, verified by the affidavits of the Chief Engineer, Treasurer and two Directors of said Company, that any ten miles of the road of said Company has been actually constructed and completed, ready for placing the superstructure thereon, the Governor shall cause to be issued and delivered to such Company, bonds to the amount of one hundred thousand dollars; and whenever thereafter, and as often as either of said Companies shall produce to the Governor like evidence of a further construction of ten miles of its road, as aforesaid, then the Governor shall cause to be issued to such Company further like bonds to the amount of one hundred thousand dollars for each and every ten miles of road thus constructed; and whenever such Company shall furnish like evidence that any ten miles of its road is actually completed and cars running thereon, the Governor shall cause to be issued to such Company like bonds to the amount of one hundred thousand dollars; and whenever thereafter, and as often as either of said Companies shall produce to the Governor like evidence that any further ten miles of said road is in operation as aforesaid, the Governor shall cause to be issued to such Company further like bonds to the amount of one hundred thousand dollars until the full amount of the bonds hereby authorized shall be issued: Provided, That two-fifths, and no more, of all bonds issued to the Southern Minnesota Railroad Company, shall be expended in the construction and equipment of the line of road from La Crescent to the point of junction with the Transit Road, as provided by law. And further provided, that the Minneapolis and Cedar Valley Railroad Company shall commence the construction of their road at Faribault and Minneapolis, and shall grade an equal number of miles from each of said places. The said bonds thins issued shall be denominated "Minnesota State Railroad Bonds," and the faith and credit of this State are hereby pledged for the payment of the interest and the redemption of the principal thereof. They shall be signed by the Governor, countersigned and registered by the Treasurer, sealed with the seal of the State, of denominations, not exceeding one thousand dollars, payable to the order of the company to whom issued, transferable by the endorsement of the President of the said Company, and redeemable at any time after ten and before the expiration of twenty-five years from the date thereof. Within thirty days after the Governor shall proclaim that the people have voted for a loan of State credit to Railroads, any of said Companies proposing to avail themselves of the loan herein provided for, and to accept the conditions of the same, shall notify the Governor thereof and shall within sixty days, commence the construction of their roads; and shall, within two years thereafter, construct ready for the superstructure, at least fifty (50) miles of their road. Each Company shall make provision for the punctual payment and redemption of all bonds issued and delivered as aforesaid, to said Company, and for the punctual payment of the interest which shall accrue thereon, in such manner as to exonerate the Treasury of this State from any advances of money for that purpose; and as security therefor, the Governor shall demand and receive from each of said Companies, before any of said bonds are issued, an instrument pledging the net profits of its road, for the payment of said interest, and a conveyance to the State of the first two hundred and forty sections of land, free from prior incumbrances, which such Company is or may be authorized to sell in trust for the better security of the Treasury of the State from loss on said bonds, which said deed of trust shall authorize the Governor and Secretary of State to make conveyances of title to all or any of such lands, to purchasers agreeing with the respective Railroad Companies therefor. Provided, That before releasing the interest of the State to such lands, such sale shall be approved by the Governor, but the proceeds of all such sales shall be applied to the payment of interest accruing upon the bonds in case of default of the payment of the same, and as a sinking fund to meet any future default in the payment of interest and the principal thereof when due ; and as further security, an amount of first mortgage bonds on the roads, lands and franchises of the respective Companies, corresponding to the State bonds issued, shall be transferred to the Treasurer of the State at the time of the issue of State bonds, and in case either of said Companies shall make default. in payment of either the interest or principal of the bonds issued to said Companies by the Governor, no more State bonds shall thereafter be issued to said Company, and the Governor shall proceed in such manner as may be prescribed by law, to sell the bonds of the defaulting Company or Companies, or the lands held in trust as above, or may require a foreclosure of the mortgage executed to secure the same Provided, That if any company so in default, before the day of sale, shall pay all interest and principal then due, and all expenses incurred by the State, no sale shall take place, and the right of said company shall not be impaired to a further loan of State credit: Provided, If any of said companies shall at anytime offer to pay the principal, together with the interest that may then be due upon any of the Minnesota State Railroad Bonds, which may have been issued under the provisions of this section, then the Treasurer of State shall receive the same; and the liabilities of said company or companies, in respect to said bonds shall cease upon such payment into the State Treasury, of principal, together with the interest as aforesaid: Provided further, That in consideration of the loan of State credit herein provided, that the company or companies which may accept the bonds of the State in the manner herein specified, shall, as a condition thereof, each complete not less than fifty miles of its road on or before the expiration of the year 1861, and not less than one hundred miles before the year 1864, and complete four-fifths of the entire length of its road before the year 1866, and any failure on the part of any such company to complete the number of miles of its road or roads, in the manner and within the several times herein prescribed, shall forfeit to the State, all the rights, title and interest of any kind whatsoever in and to any lands, together with the franchises connected with the same not pertaining or applicable to the portion of the road by them constructed, and a fee simple to which has not accrued to either of said companies, by reason of such construction, which was granted to the company or companies, thus failing to comply with the provisions hereof by act of the Legislature of the Territory of Minnesota, vesting said land in said companies respectively. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 002 007.0 005.0 0 MN 1857 1858 *** Ratified April 15, 1858 SEC. 7. The term of each of the executive officers named in this Article, shall commence on taking the oath of office on or after the first day of May, 1858, and continue until the first Monday of January, 1860, except the Auditor, who shall continue in office till the first Monday of January, 1861, and until their successors shall have been duly elected and qualified; and the same above-mentioned time for qualification and entry upon the duties of their respective offices shall extend and apply to all other officers elected under the State Constitution, who have not already taken the oath of office and commenced the performance of their official duties. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 003 001.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1860 *** Ratified November 6, 1860 SECTION 1. The Legislature of this State shall consist of the Senate and House of Representatives, who shall meet at the Seat of Government of the State, at such times as shall be prescribed by law; but no session shall exceed the term of sixty days. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 004 002.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1860 *** Ratified November 6, 1860 SEC. 2. The legislature shall provide for an annual tax sufficient to defray the estimated expenses of the State for each year; and whenever it shall happen that such ordinary expenses of the State for any year shall exceed the income of the State for such year, the legislature shall provide for levying a tax for the ensuing year, sufficient with other sources of income to pay the deficiency of the preceding year, together with the estimated expenses of such ensuing year. But no law levying a tax, or making other provisions for the payment of interest or principal of the Bonds denominated "Minnesota State Railroad Bonds" shall take effect or be in force until such law shall have been submitted to a vote of the people of the State, and adopted by a majority of the electors of the State voting upon the same. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 005 010.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1860 *** Ratified November 6, 1860 SEC. 10. The credit of the State shall never be given or loaned in aid of any individual, association or corporation; nor shall there be any further issue of bonds denominated "Minnesota State Railroad Bonds," under what purports to be an amendment to Section ten (10) of Article nine (9) of the Constitution, adopted April fifteenth, eighteen hundred and fifty-eight, which is hereby expunged from the Constitution, saving, excepting and reserving to the State, nevertheless, all rights, remedies and forfeitures accruing under said amendment. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 006 001.0 007.0 0 MN 1857 1868 *** Ratified November 3, 1868 SECTION 1. Every male person of the age of twenty-one or upwards, belonging to either of the following classes, who shall have resided in the United States one year, and in this state four months next preceding any election, shall be entitled to vote at such election, in the election district of which he shall at the time have been for ten days a resident, for all officers that now are or hereafter may be elected by the people: First Citizens of the United States. Second Persons of foreign birth who shall have declared their intention to become citizens conformably to the laws of the United States, upon the subject of naturalization. Third Persons of mixed white and Indian blood who have adopted the customs and habits of civilization. Fourth Persons of Indian blood residing in this state who have adopted the language, customs and habits of civilization, after an examination before any district court of the state, in such a manner as may be provided by law, and shall have been pronounced by said court capable of exercising the rights of citizenship within this state. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 007 007.0 011.0 0 MN 1857 1869 *** Ratified November 2, 1869 SEC. 7. That the county of Manomin is hereby abolished, and that the territory heretofore comprising the same, shall constitute and he a part of the county of Anoka. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 008 001.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1869 *** Ratified November 2, 1869 SECTION 1. All taxes to he raised in this state shall be as nearly equal as may be, and all property on which taxes are to be levied shall have a cash valuation and be equalized and uniform throughout the state. Provided, That the legislature may by general law or special act, authorize municipal corporations to levy assessments for local improvements upon the property fronting upon such improvements, or upon the property to be benefited by such improvements, without regard to a cash valuation and in such manner as the legislature may prescribe. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 009 032.A 004.0 0 MN 1857 1871 *** Ratified November 8, 1871 SEC. 32A. Any law providing for the repeal or amendment of any law or laws heretofore or hereafter enacted, which provides that any railroad company now existing in this State or operating its road therein, or which may be hereafter organized, shall, in lieu of all other taxes and assessments upon their real estate, roads, rolling stock, and other personal property, at and during the time and periods therein specified, pay into the treasury of this State a certain percentage therein mentioned of the gross earnings of such railroad companies now existing or here after organized, shall, before the same shall take effect or be in force, be submitted to a vote of the people of the State, and be adopted and ratified by a majority of the electors of the State voting at the election at which the same shall be submitted to them. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 010 014.A 009.0 0 MN 1857 1872 *** Ratified November 5, 1872 SEC. 14A. For the purpose of erecting and completing buildings for a hospital for the insane; a deaf, dumb and blind asylum, and state prison, the legislature may, by law, increase the public debt of the state, to an amount not exceeding two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, in addition to the public debt already heretofore authorized by the constitution, and for that purpose ma provide by law for issuing and negotiating the bonds of the state, and appropriate the money only for the purpose aforesaid, which bonds shall be payable in not less than ten nor more than thirty years, from the date of the same, at the option of the state. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 011 003.0 010.0 0 MN 1857 1872 *** Ratified November 5, 1872 SEC. 3. Each stockholder in any corporation, (excepting those organized for the purpose of carrying on any kind of manufacturing or mechanical business) shall be liable to the amount of the stock held or owned by him. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 012 014.B 009.0 0 MN 1857 1872 *** Ratified November 5, 1872 SEC. 14B. The legislature shall not authorize any county, township, city or other municipal corporation to issue bonds or to become indebted in any manner to aid in the construction or equipment of any or all railroads to any amount that shall exceed ten per centum of the value of the taxable property within such county, township, city or other municipal corporation. The amount of such taxable property to be ascertained and determined by the last assessment of said property made for the purpose of state and county taxation previous to the incurring of such indebtedness. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 013 032.B 004.0 0 MN 1857 1872 *** Ratified November 5, 1872 SEC. 32B. All lands donated to the state of Minnesota for the purpose of internal improvement, under the eighth section of the act of congress, approved September fourth, eighteen hundred and forty-one, being "an act to appropriate the proceeds of the sales of the public lands, and to grant preemption rights," shall be appraised and sold, in the same manner and by the same officers, and the minimum price shall be the same as is provided by law for the appraisement and sale of the school lands, under the provisions of title one (1), of chapter thirty-eight (38), of the general statutes, except the modifications hereinafter mentioned. All moneys derived from the sales of the said lands shall be invested in the bonds of the United States, or of the state of Minnesota, issued since 1860, and the moneys so invested shall constitute the internal improvement land fund of the state. All moneys received by the county treasurer under the provisions of title one (1), chapter thirty-eight aforesaid, derived from the sale of the internal improvement lands, shall be held at all times subject to the order and direction of the state treasurer, for the benefit of the fund to which it belongs, and on the fifteenth day of June in each year, and at such other times as he may be requested so to do by the state treasurer, he shall pay over to the said state treasurer, all moneys received on account of such fund. The bonds purchased in accordance with this amendment shall be transferable only upon the order of the governor, and on each bond shall be written, "Minnesota internal improvement land fund of the state, transferable only on the order of the governor." The principal sum from all sales of internal improvement lands, shall not be reduced by any charges or costs of officers, by fees, or by any other means whatever; and section fifty (50), of title one (1), of chapter thirty-eight (38), of the general statutes, shall not be applicable to the provisions of this amendment, and wherever the words "school lands," are used in said title, it shall read as applicable to this amendment "internal improvement lands." The moneys belonging to the internal improvement land fund shall not be appropriated for any purpose whatever until the enactment for that purpose shall have been approved by a majority of the electors of the state, voting at the annual general election following the passage of the act. The force of this amendment shall be to authorize the sale of the internal improvement lands, without further legislative enactment. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 014 012.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1873 *** Ratified November 4, 1873 SEC. 12. Suitable laws shall be passed by the legislature for the safe keeping, transfer and disbursements of the State and school funds; and all officers and other persons charged with the same or any part of the same, or the safe keeping thereof, shall be required to give ample security for all moneys and funds of any kind received by them; to make forthwith and keep an accurate entry of each sum received, and of each payment and transfer; and if any of said officers or other persons shall convert to his own use in any manner or form, or shall loan, with or without interest, or shall deposit in his own name, or otherwise than in the name of the State of Minnesota; or shall deposit in banks or with any person or persons, or exchange for other funds or property, any portion of the funds of the State or the school funds aforesaid, except in the manner prescribed by law, every such act shall be and constitute an embezzlement of so much of the aforesaid State and school funds, or either of the same, as shall thus be taken, or loaned, or deposited or exchanged, and shall be a felony; and any failure to pay over, produce or account for the State school funds, or any part of the same entrusted to such officer or persons as by law required on demand, shall be held and be taken to be prima facie evidence of such embezzlement. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 015 004.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1875 *** Ratified November 2, 1875 SEC. 4. The state shall be divided by the legislature into judicial districts, which shall be composed of contiguous territory, be bounded by county lines, and contain a population as nearly equal as may be practicable. In each judicial district one or more judges, as the legislature may prescribe, shall be elected by the electors thereof, whose term of office shall be seven years, and each of said judges shall severally have and exercise the powers of the court under such limitations as may be prescribed by law. Every district judge shall at the time of his election be a resident of the district for which he shall be elected, and shall reside therein during his continuance in office. In ease any court of common pleas heretofore established shall be abolished, the judge of such court may be constituted by the legislature one of the judges of the district court of the district wherein such court has been so established for a period not exceeding the unexpired term for which he was elected. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 016 008.0 007.0 0 MN 1857 1875 *** Ratified November 2, 1875 SEC. 8. The legislature may, notwithstanding anything in this article, provide by law, that any woman at the age of twenty-one years and upward, may vote at any election held for the purpose of choosing any officers of schools, or upon any measure relating to schools, and may also provide that any such woman shall be eligible to hold any office pertaining solely to the management of schools. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 017 002.0 008.0 0 MN 1857 1875 *** Ratified November 2, 1875 SEC. 2. The proceeds of such lands as are or hereafter may be granted by the United States for the use of schools within each township of this State shall remain a perpetual school fund to the State; and not more than one-third (1/3) of said lands may be sold in two (2) years, one-third (1/3) in five (5) years, and one-third (1/3) in ten (10) years; but the lands of the greatest valuation shall be sold first; provided, that no portion of said lands shall be sold otherwise than at public sale. The principal of all funds arising from sales or other disposition of lands or other property, granted or entrusted to this State in each township for educational purposes, shall forever be preserved inviolate and undiminished; and the income arising from the lease or sale of said school land shall be distributed to the different townships throughout the State, in proportion to the number of scholars in each township, between the ages of five and twenty-one years; and shall be faithfully applied to the specific objects of the original grants or appropriations. Suitable laws shall be enacted by the legislature for the safe investment of the principal of all funds which have heretofore arisen or which may hereafter arise from the sale or other disposition thereof, in interest bearing bonds of the United States, or of the state of Minnesota, issued after the year 1860, or of such other state as the legislature may, by law, from time to time direct. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 018 011.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1876 *** Ratified November 7, 1876 SEC. 11. Every bill which shall have passed the Senate and House of Representatives, in conformity to the rules of each house and the joint rules of the two houses, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the governor of the State. If he approve, he shall sign and deposit it in the office of secretary of state for preservation, and notify the house where it originated of the fact. But if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to the house in which it shall have originated; when such objections shall be entered at large on the journal of the same, and the house shall proceed to reconsider the bill. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered; and if it be approved by two-thirds of that house it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for or against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house, respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the governor within three days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the legislature, by adjournment within that time, prevents its return; in which case it shall not be a law. The governor may approve, sign and file in the office of the secretary of state, within three days after the adjournment of the legislature, any act passed during the last three days of the session, and the same shall become a law. If any bill presented to the Governor contain several items of appropriation of money, he may object to one or more of such items, while approving of the other portion of the bill. In such case, he shall append to the bill, at the time of signing it, a statement of the items to which he objects, and the appropriation so objected to shall not take effect. If the Legislature be in session, he shall transmit to the house in which the bill originated a copy of such statement, and the items objected to shall be separately re-considered. If, on re-consideration, one or more of such items be approved by two-thirds of the members elected to each a house, the same shall be a part of the law, notwithstanding the objections of the Governor. All the provisions of this section, in relation to bills not approved by the Governor, shall apply in cases in which he shall withhold his approval from any item or items contained in a bill appropriating money. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 019 003.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1876 *** Ratified November 7, 1876 SEC. 3. The judges of the supreme court shall be elected by the electors of the State at large, and their term of office shall be seven years, and until their successors are elected and qualified. Whenever all or a majority of the judges of the Supreme Court shall, from any cause, be disqualified from sitting in any case in said court, the Governor, or, if he shall be interested in the result of such case, then the Lieutenant Governor shall assign judges of the District Court of the State, who shall sit in such case in place of such disqualified judges, with all the powers and duties of judges of the Supreme Court. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 020 001.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1877 *** Ratified November 6, 1877 SECTION 1. The Legislature of the State shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives, who shall meet biennially at the seat of Government of the State, at such time as shall be prescribed by law; but no session shall exceed the term of sixty days. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 021 024.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1877 *** Ratified November 6, 1877 SEC. 24. The senators shall also be chosen by single districts of convenient contiguous territory, at the same time that members of the house of representatives are required to be chosen, and in the same manner; and no representative district shall be divided in the formation of a senate district. The senate districts shall be numbered in a regular series. The terms of office of senators and representatives shall be the same as now prescribed by law until the general election of the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight (1878), at which time there shall be an entire new election of all senators and representatives. Representatives chosen at such election, or at any election thereafter, shall hold their office for the term of two years, except it be to fill a vacancy; and the senators chosen at such election by districts designated as odd numbers shall go out of office at the expiration of the second year, and senators chosen by districts designated by even numbers shall go out of office at the expiration of the fourth year; and thereafter senators shall be chosen for four years, except there shall be an entire new election of all the senators at the election of representatives next succeeding each new apportionment provided for in this article. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 022 002.0 005.0 0 MN 1857 1877 *** Ratified November 6, 1877 SEC. 2. The returns of every election for the officers named in the foregoing section shall be made to the secretary of state, who shall call to his assistance two or more of the judges of the supreme court, and two disinterested judges of the district courts of the State, who shall constitute a board of canvassers, who shall open and canvass said returns and declare the result within three days after such canvass. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 023 003.0 008.0 0 MN 1857 1877 *** Ratified November 6, 1877 SEC. 3. The legislature shall make such provisions, by taxation or otherwise, as, with the income arising from the school fund, will secure a thorough and efficient system of public schools in each township in the State. But in no case shall the moneys derived as aforesaid, or any portion thereof, or any public moneys or property, be appropriated or used for the support of schools wherein the distinctive doctrines, creed or tenets of any particular Christian or other religious sect are promulgated or taught. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 024 015.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1879 *** Ratified November 4, 1879 SEC. 15. The legislature shall not authorize any county, township, city, or other municipal corporation to issue bonds, or to become indebted in any manner, to aid in the construction or equipment of any or all railroads to any amount that shall exceed five (5) per centum of the value of the taxable property within such county, township, city, or other municipal corporation. The amount of such taxable property to be ascertained, and determined by the last assessment of said property made, for the purpose of state and county taxation, previous to the incurring of such indebtedness. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 025 014.B 009.0 0 MN 1857 1879 *** Ratified November 4, 1879 SEC. 14B. Superceded by the addition of Section fifteen (15) of Article nine (9). *** MEND *** *** MSTART 026 001.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1881 *** Ratified November 8, 1881 SECTION. 1. All taxes to be raised in this State shall be as nearly equal as may be, and all property on which taxes are to be levied shall have a cash valuation and be equalized and uniform throughout the State. Provided that the legislature may by general law or special act, authorize municipal corporations to levy assessments for local improvements upon the property fronting upon such improvements, or upon the property to be benefitted by such improvements, or both, without regard to a cash valuation, and in such manner the legislature may prescribe. And provided further, that for the purpose of defraying the expenses of laying water pipes and supplying any city or municipality with water, the legislature may by general or special law, authorize any such city or municipality, having a population of five thousand (5,000) or more, to levy an annual tax or assessment upon the lineal foot of all lands fronting on any water main or water pipe laid by such city or municipality within corporate limits of said city for supplying water to the citizens thereof without regard to the cash value of such property, and to empower such city to collect any such tax assessments or fines, or penalties for failure to pay the same, or any fine or penalty for any violation of the rules of such city or municipality in regard to the use of water, or for any water rate due for the same. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 027 033.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1881 *** Ratified November 8, 1881 SEC. 33. The legislature is prohibited from enacting any special or private laws in the following cases: 1st. For changing the name of a person or constituting one person the heir at law of another. 2nd. For laying out, opening or altering highways. 3rd. For authorizing persons to keep ferries across streams wholly within this State. 4th. For authorizing the sale or mortgage of real or personal property of minors or other persons under disability. 5th. For changing any county seat. 6th. For assessment or collection of taxes or for extending the time for the collection thereof. 7th. For granting corporate powers or privileges, except to cities. 8th. For authorizing the apportionment of any part of the school fund. 9th. For incorporating any town or village. 10th. For granting to any individual, association or corporation, except municipal, any special or exclusive privilege, immunity or franchise whatever. 11th. For vacating roads, town plats, streets, alleys and public grounds. But the legislature may repeal any existing special law relating to the foregoing sub-divisions. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 028 034.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1881 *** Ratified November 8, 1881 SEC. 34. The legislature shall provide general laws for the transaction of any business that may be prohibited by section one (1) of this amendment, and all such laws shall be uniform in their operation throughout the State. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 029 002.0 008.0 0 MN 1857 1881 *** Ratified November 8, 1881 SEC. 2. The proceeds of such lands as are or hereafter may be granted by the United States for the use of schools within each township of this State shall remain a perpetual school fund to the State; and not more than one-third (1/3) of said lands may be sold in two (2) years, one-third (1/3) in five (5) years, and one-third (1/3) in ten (10) years; but the lands of the greatest valuation shall be sold first; provided, that no portion of said lands shall be sold otherwise than at public sale. The principal of all funds arising from sales or other disposition of lands or other property, granted or entrusted to this State in each township for educational purposes, shall forever be preserved inviolate and undiminished; and the income arising from the lease or sale of said school land shall be distributed to the different townships throughout the State, in proportion to the number of scholars in each township, between the ages of five and twenty-one years; and shall be faithfully applied to the specific objects of the original grants or appropriations. Suitable laws shall be enacted by the legislature for the safe investment of the principal of all funds which have heretofore arisen or which may hereafter arise from the sale or other disposition thereof, in interest bearing bonds of the United States, or of the state of Minnesota, issued after the year 1860, or of such other state as the legislature may, by law, from time to time direct. All swamp lands now held by the State, or that may hereafter accrue to the State, shall be appraised and sold in the same manner and by the same officers, and the minimum price shall be the same less one-third (1/3), as is provided by law for the appraisement and sale of the school lands under the provisions of title one (1) of chapter thirty-eight (38) of the General Statutes. The principal of all funds derived from sales of swamp lands as aforesaid shall forever be preserved inviolate and undiminished. One- half (1/2) of the proceeds of said principal shall be appropriated to the common school fund of the State: the remaining one-half (1/2) shall be appropriated to the educational and charitable institutions of the State in the relative ratio of cost to support said institutions. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 030 005.0 005.0 0 MN 1857 1883 *** Ratified November 6, 1883 SEC. 5. The official term of the secretary of state, treasurer, and attorney general. shall be two (2) years. The official term of the at ate auditor shall be four (4) years, and each shall continue in office until his successor shall have been elected and qualified. The further duties and the salaries of said executive officers shall each be prescribed by law. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 031 009.0 007.0 0 MN 1857 1883 *** Ratified November 6, 1883 SEC. 9. The official year for the State of Minnesota shall commence on the first Monday in January in each year and all terms of office shall terminate at that time: and the general election shall be held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. The first general election for state and county officers, except judicial officers, after the adoption of this amendment shall be held in the year A. D. one thousand eight hundred and eighty- four (1884), and thereafter the general election shall be held biennially. All state, county or other officers elected at any general election, whose terms of office would otherwise expire on the first Monday of January, A. D. one thousand eight hundred and eighty-six (1886), shall hold and continue in such offices respectively until the first Monday in January, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven (1887). *** MEND *** *** MSTART 032 002.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1883 *** Ratified November 6, 1883 SEC. 2. The supreme court shall consist of one chief justice and two associate justices, but the number of the associate justices may be increased to a number not exceeding four, by the legislature, by a two-thirds vote, when it shall be deemed necessary. It shall have original jurisdiction in such remedial cases as may be prescribed by law and appellate jurisdiction in all cases, both in law and equity, but there shall be no trial by jury in said court. It shall hold one or more terms in each year, as the legislature may direct, at the seat of government, and the legislature may provide, by a two-thirds vote, that one term in each year shall be held in each or any judicial district. It shall be the duty of such court to appoint a reporter of its decisions. There shall be chosen, by the qualified electors of the State, one clerk of the supreme court, who shall hold his office for the term of four years, and until his successor is duly elected and qualified, and the judges of the supreme court, or a majority of them, shall have the power to fill any vacancy in the office of clerk of the supreme court until an election can be regularly had. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 033 003.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1883 *** Ratified November 6, 1883 SEC. 3. The judges of the supreme court shall be elected by the electors of the State at large, and their term of office shall be six years, and until their successors are elected and qualified. Whenever all or a majority of the judges of the Supreme Court shall, from any cause, be disqualified from sitting in any case in said court, the Governor, or, if he shall be interested in the result of such case, then the Lieutenant Governor shall assign judges of the District Court of the State, who shall sit in such case in place of such disqualified judges, with all the powers and duties of judges of the Supreme Court. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 034 004.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1883 *** Ratified November 6, 1883 SEC. 4. The State shall be divided by the legislature into six judicial districts, which shall be composed of contiguous territory, be bounded by county lines, and contain a population as nearly equal as may be practicable. In each judicial district, one judges shall be elected by the electors thereof, who shall constitute said Court and whose term of office shall be six years. Every district judge shall, at the time of his election, be a resident of the district for which he shall be elected and shall reside therein during his continuance in office. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 035 005.0 008.0 0 MN 1857 1886 *** Ratified November 2, 1886 SEC. 5. The permanent school funds of the state may be loaned upon interest at the rate of live (5) per cent per annum to the several counties or school districts of the state, to be used in the erection of county or school buildings. No such loan shall be made until approved by a board consisting of the governor, the state auditor and the state treasurer, who are hereby constituted an investment board for the purpose of the loans hereby authorized; nor shall any such loan be for an amount exceeding three per cent. of the last preceding assessed valuation of the real estate of the county or school district receiving the same. The state auditor shall annually, at the time of certifying the state tax to the several county auditors, also certify to each auditor to whose county, or to any of the school districts of whose county any such loan shall have been made. The tax necessary to be levied to meet the accruing interest or principal of any such loan, and it shall be the duty of every such county auditor forthwith to levy and extend such tax upon all the taxable property of his county, or of the several school districts respectively, liable for such loans, as the case may be, and in all such cases the tax so shall be fifty per cent in excess of the amount actually necessary to be raised on account of such accruing principal or interest. It shall be levied, collected and paid into the county and state treasuries in the same manner as state taxes, and any excess collected over the amount of such principal or interest accruing in any given year shall be credited to the general funds of the respective counties or school districts. No change of the boundaries of any school district after the making of any such loan shall operate to withdraw any property from the taxation herein provided for; nor shall any law be passed extending the time of payment of any such principal or interest, or reducing the rate of such interest, or in any manner waiving or impairing any rights of the state in connection with any such loan. Suitable laws, not inconsistent with this amendment may be passed by the legislature for the purpose of carrying the same into effect. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 036 035.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1888 *** Ratified November 6, 1888 SEC. 35. Any combinations of persons, either as individuals or as members or officers of any corporation, to monopolize the markets for food products in this State, or to interfere with, or restrict the freedom of, such markets, is hereby declared to be a criminal conspiracy, and shall be punished in such manner as the legislature may provide. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 037 012.0 001.0 0 MN 1857 1888 *** Ratified November 6, 1888 SEC. 12. No person shall be imprisoned for debt in this state, but this shall not prevent the legislature from providing for imprisonment, or holding to bail, persons charged with fraud in contracting said debt. A reasonable amount of property shall be exempt from seizure or sale for the payment of any debt or liability. The amount of such exemption shall be determined by law. Provided, however, that all property so exempted shall be liable to seizure and sale for any debts incurred to any person for work done or materials furnished in the construction, repair or improvement of the same, and provided further, that such liability to seizure and sale shall also extend to all real property for any debt incurred to any laborer or servant for labor or service performed. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 038 001.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1888 *** Ratified November 6, 1888 SECTION 1. The legislature shall consist of the Senate and House of Representatives, which shall meet biennially at the seat of government of the state, at such time as shall be prescribed by law, but no session shall exceed the term of ninety (90) legislative days, and no new bill shall be introduced in either branch, except on the written request of the governor, during the last twenty (20) days of such sessions, except the attention of the legislature shall be called to some important matter of general interest by a special message from the governor. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 039 004.0 001.0 0 MN 1857 1890 *** Ratified November 4, 1890 SEC. 4. The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate, and shall extend to all cases at law without regard to the amount in controversy, but a jury trial may be waived by the parties in all cases in the manner prescribed by law; and the legislature may provide that the agreement of five-sixths (5/6) of any jury in any civil action or proceeding, after not less than six (6) hours' deliberation, shall be a sufficient verdict therein. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 040 033.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1892 *** Ratified November 8, 1892 SEC. 33. In all cases when a general law can be made applicable no special law shall be enacted; and whether a general law could have been made applicable in any case is hereby declared a judicial question, and as such shall be judicially determined without regard to any legislative assertion on that subject. The legislature shall pass no local or special law regulating the affairs of; or incorporating, erecting or changing the lines of any county, city, village, township, ward or school district, or creating the offices, or prescribing the powers and duties of the officers of, or fixing or relating to the compensation, salary or fees of the same, or the mode of election or appointment thereto; authorizing the laying out, opening, altering, vacating or maintaining roads, highways, streets or alleys; remitting fines, penalties or forfeitures; regulating the powers, duties and practice of justices of the peace, magistrates and constables; changing the names of persons, places, lakes or rivers; for opening and conducting of elections, or fixing or changing the places of voting; authorizing the adoption or legitimation of children; changing the law of descent or succession; conferring rights upon minors; declaring any named person of age; giving effect to informal or invalid wills or deeds, or affecting the estates of minors or persons under disability; locating or changing county seats; regulating the management of public schools, the building or repairing of school houses, and the raising of money for such purposes; exempting property from taxation, or regulating the rate of interest on money; creating corporations, or amending, renewing, extending or explaining the charters thereof; granting to any corporation, association or individual any special or exclusive privilege, immunity or franchise whatever, or authorizing public taxation for a private purpose. Provided however, That the inhibitions of local or special laws in this section shall not be construed to prevent the passage of general laws on any of the subjects enumerated. The legislature may repeal any existing special or local law, but shall not amend, extend or modify any of the same. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 041 001.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1894 *** Ratified November 6, 1894 SECTION. 1. All taxes to be raised in this State shall be as nearly equal as may be, and all property on which taxes are to be levied shall have a cash valuation and be equalized and uniform throughout the State. Provided that the legislature may by general law or special act, authorize municipal corporations to levy assessments for local improvements upon the property fronting upon such improvements, or upon the property to be benefitted by such improvements, or both, without regard to a cash valuation, and in such manner the legislature may prescribe. And provided further, that for the purpose of defraying the expenses of laying water pipes and supplying any city or municipality with water, the legislature may by general or special law, authorize any such city or municipality, having a population of five thousand (5,000) or more, to levy an annual tax or assessment upon the lineal foot of all lands fronting on any water main or water pipe laid by such city or municipality within corporate limits of said city for supplying water to the citizens thereof without regard to the cash value of such property, and to empower such city to collect any such tax assessments or fines, or penalties for failure to pay the same, or any fine or penalty for any violation of the rules of such city or municipality in regard to the use of water, or for any water rate due for the same. And provided further, that there may be by law levied and collected a tax upon all inheritances, devises, bequests, legacies and gifts of every kind and description above a fixed and specified sum, of any and all natural persons and corporations. Such tax above such exempted sum may be uniform, or it may be graded or progressive, but shall not exceed a maximum tax of five per cent. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 042 004.0 005.0 0 MN 1857 1896 *** Ratified November 2, 1896 SEC. 4. The governor shall communicate by message to each session of the legislature, such information touching the state and condition of the country as he may deem expedient. He shall be commander-in-chief of the military and naval forces, and may call out such forces to execute the laws, suppress insurrection and repel invasion. He may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power in conjunction with the board of pardons, of which the governor shall be ex-officio a member, and the other members of which shall consist of the attorney general of the state of Minnesota and the chief justice of the supreme court of the state of Minnesota, and whose powers and duties shall be defined and regulated by law, to grant reprieves and pardons after conviction for offenses against the state, except in cases of impeachment. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, to appoint a state librarian and notaries public, and such other officers as may be provided by law; he shall have power to appoint commissioners to take the acknowledgement of deeds or other instruments in writing, to be used in the State. He shall have a negative upon all laws passed by the legislature under such rules and limitations as are in this Constitution prescribed. He may on extraordinary occasions convene both houses of the legislature. He shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, fill any vacancies that may occur in the office of secretary of state, treasurer, auditor, attorney general, and such other State and district offices as may be hereafter created by law, until the next annual election, and until their successors are chosen and qualified. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 043 001.0 007.0 0 MN 1857 1896 *** Ratified November 3, 1896 SECTION 1. What persons are entitled to vote: Every male person of the age of twenty-one (21) years or upwards belonging to either of the following classes who has resided in this state six (6) months next preceding any election shall be entitled to vote at such election in the election district of which he shall at the time have been for thirty (30) days a resident, for all officers that now are, or hereafter may be, elective by the people. First Citizens of the United States who have been such for the period of three (3) months next preceding any election. Second Persons of mixed white and Indian blood, who have adopted the customs and habits of civilization. Third Persons of Indian blood residing in this state, who have adopted the language, customs and habits of civilization, after an examination before any district court of the state, in such manner as may be provided by law, and shall have been pronounced by said court capable of enjoying the rights of citizenship within the state. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 044 036.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1896 *** Ratified November 3, 1896 SEC. 36. Any city or village in this state may frame a charter for its own government as a city consistent with and subject to the laws of this state as follows: The legislature shall provide, under such restrictions as it deems proper, for a board of fifteen freeholders, who shall be and for the past five years shall have been qualified voters thereof, to be appointed by the district judges of the judicial district in which the city or village is situated, which board shall within six months after its appointment return to the chief magistrate of such city or village a draft of such charter signed by the members of said board, or a majority thereof. Such charter shall be submitted to the qualified voters of such city or village at the next election thereafter, and if four-sevenths of the qualified voters voting at such election shall ratify the same it shall at the end of thirty days thereafter become the charter of such city or village as a city, and supersede any existing charter and amendments thereof; provided, that in cities having patrol limits now established such charter shall require a three-fourths majority vote of the qualified voters, voting at such election, to change the patrol limits now established. Before any city shall incorporate under this act, the legislature shall prescribe by law the general limits within which such charter shall be framed. Duplicate certificates shall be made setting forth the charter proposed and its ratification, which shall be signed by the chief magistrate of said city or village, and authenticated by its corporate seal. One of said certificates shall be deposited in the office of the secretary of state, and the other, after being recorded in the office of the register of deeds for the county in which such city or village lies, shall be deposited among the archives of such city or village, and all courts shall take judicial notice thereof. Such charter so deposited may be amended by a proposal therefor made by a board of fifteen freeholders aforesaid, published for at least thirty days in three newspapers of general circulation in such city or village, and accepted by three-fifths of the qualified voters of such city or village voting at the next election, and not otherwise: but such charter shall always be in harmony with and subject to the constitution and laws of the state of Minnesota. The legislature may prescribe the duties of the commission relative to submitting amendments of charter to the vote of the people. The board of freeholders above provided for shall be permanent, and all the vacancies by death, disability to perform duties, resignation or removal from the corporate limits shall be filled by appointment in the same manner as the original board was created, and said board shall always contain its full complement of members. It shall be a feature of all such charters that there shall be provided, among other things, for a mayor or chief magistrate, and a legislative body of either one or two houses; if of two houses at least one of them shall be elected by general vote of the citizens. In submitting any such charter or amendment thereto to the qualified voters of such city or village any alternate section or article may be presented for the choice of the voters, and may be voted on separately without prejudice to other articles or sections of the charter or any amendment thereto. The legislature may provide general laws relating to affairs of cities, the application of which may be limited to cities of over fifty thousand inhabitants, or to cities of fifty and not less than fifteen thousand inhabitants, or to cities of fifteen thousand inhabitants or less, which shall apply equally to all such cities of either class, and which shall be paramount while in force to the provisions relating to the same matter included in the local charter herein provided for. But no local charter, provision or ordinance passed thereunder shall supersede any general law of the state defining or punishing crimes or misdemeanors. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 045 013.0 001.0 0 MN 1857 1896 *** Ratified November 3, 1896 SEC. 13. Private property shall not be taken, destroyed or damaged for public use without just compensation therefor, first paid or secured. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 046 006.0 008.0 0 MN 1857 1896 *** Ratified November 3, 1896 SEC. 6. The permanent school and university fund of this state may be invested in the purchase of bonds of any county, school district, city, town or village of this state, but no such investment shall be made until approved by the board of commissioners designated by law to regulate the investment of the permanent school fund and the permanent university fund of this state; nor shall such loan or investment be made when the issue of which the same in part would make the entire bonded indebtedness exceed seven per cent of the assessed valuation of the taxable real property of the county, school district, city, town or village issuing such bonds; nor shall such loans or indebtedness be made at a lower rate of interest than three per cent per annum nor for a shorter period than five (5) years nor for a longer period than twenty (20) years, and no change of the town, school district, village, city or county lines shall relieve the real property in such town, school district, county, village or city in this state at the time of the issuing of such bonds from any liability for taxation to pay such bonds. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 047 017.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1896 *** Ratified November 3, 1896 SEC. 17. The legislature may impose, or provide for the imposition of, upon the property within this state of any and all owners or operators, whether corporate or individual, or otherwise, of any and all sleeping, parlor and drawing room cars, or any or either of the same, which run in, into or through this state; also upon the property within this state of any and all telegraph and telephone companies, or owners, whose lines are in, or extend in, into or through this state; also upon the property within this state of all express companies, or owners, or any or either of the same, doing business in this state; also upon the property within this state of all domestic insurance companies of this state of any kind; also upon the property within this state of any and all foreign insurance companies doing business in this state of any kind; also upon the property within this state of all owners or operators of any and all mines or of mineral ores situated in this state; also upon the property within this state of all boom companies or owners, and of all ship builders or owners doing business in this state or having a port therein; provided that this act shall not apply to property owned by railroad companies, their lands and other property; and upon the property of either or any of such companies or owners a tax, as uniform as reasonably may be with the taxes imposed upon similar property in said state, or upon the earnings thereof within this state, but may be graded or progressive, or both, and in providing for such tax or in providing for ascertaining the just and true value of such property, it shall be competent for the legislature, in either or all of such cases, to impose such tax upon any or all property thereof within this state, and in either case by taking as the basis of such imposition the proportionate business, earnings, mileage or quantity of production or property now or hereafter existing of any such companies, persons or owners, transacted or existing in this state, in relation to the entire business, mileage or quantity of production or property of such companies, persons or owners as aforesaid; or in such other manner, or by such other method, as the legislature may determine; but the proceeds of such taxes upon mining property shall be distributed between the state and the various political subdivisions thereof wherein the same is situated in the same proportion as the proceeds of taxes upon real property and distributed; provided further, that nothing in this act contained shall operate to authorize the assessment or taxation of land or ordinary business blocks or property owned by any such corporation, person, firm or company except in the manner provided by the ordinary methods of taxation. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 048 008.0 007.0 0 MN 1857 1898 *** Ratified November 8, 1898 SEC. 8. Women may vote for school officers and members of library boards, and shall be eligible to hold any office pertaining to the management of schools or libraries. Any woman of the age of twenty-one (21) years and upward and possessing the qualifications requisite to a male voter, may vote at any election held for the purpose of choosing any officers of schools or any members of library boards, or upon any measure relating to schools or libraries, and shall be eligible to hold any office pertaining to the management of schools and libraries. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 049 001.0 014.0 0 MN 1857 1898 *** Ratified November 8, 1898 SECTION 1. Whenever a majority of both houses of the legislature shall deem it necessary to alter or amend this constitution they may propose such alterations or amendments, which proposed amendments shall be published with the laws which have been passed at the same session, and said amendments shall be submitted to the people for their approval or rejection at any general election, and if it shall appear in a manner to be provided by law, that a majority of all the electors voting at said election shall have voted for and ratified such alterations or amendments, the same shall be valid to all intents and purposes as a part of this constitution. If two or more alterations or amendments shall be submitted at the same time it shall be so regulated that the voters shall vote for or against each separately. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 050 036.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1898 *** Ratified November 8, 1898 SEC. 36. Any city or village in this state may frame a charter for its own government as a city consistent with and subject to the laws of this state, as follows: The legislature shall provide, under such restrictions as it deems proper, for a board of fifteen freeholders who shall be and for the past five years shall have been qualified voters thereof, to be appointed by the district judges of the judicial district in which the city or village is situated, as the legislature may determine, for a term in no event to exceed six years, which board shall, within six months after its appointment, return to the chief magistrate of said city or village a draft of said charter, signed by the members of said board, or a majority thereof. Such charter shall be submitted to the qualified voters of such city or village at the next election thereafter, and if four-sevenths of the qualified voters voting at such election shall ratify the same it shall, at the end of thirty days thereafter, become the charter of such city or village as a city, and supersede any existing charter and amendments thereof; provided, that in cities having patrol limits now established, such charter shall require a three-fourths majority vote of the qualified voters voting at such election to change the patrol limits now established. Before any city shall incorporate under this act the legislature shall prescribe by law the general limits within which such charter shall be framed. Duplicate certificates shall be made setting forth the charter proposed and its ratification, which shall be signed by the chief magistrate of said city or village and authenticated by its corporate seal. One of said certificates shall be deposited in the office of secretary of state, and the other, after being recorded in the office of the register of deeds for the county in which such city or village lies, shall be deposited among the achieves of such city or village, and all courts shall take judicial notice thereof. Such charter so deposited may be amended by proposal therefor made by a board of fifteen commissioners aforesaid, published for at least thirty days in three newspapers of general circulation in such city or village, and accepted by three-fifths of the qualified voters of such city or village voting at the next election and not otherwise; but such charter shall always be in harmony with and subject to the constitution and laws of the state of Minnesota. The legislature may prescribe the duties of the commission relative to submitting amendments of charter to the vote of the people, and shall provide that upon application of five per cent. of the legal voters of any such city or village, by written petition, such commission shall submit to the vote of the people proposed amendments to such charter set forth in said petition. The board of freeholders above provided for shall be permanent, and all the vacancies by death, disability to perform duties, resignation or removal from the corporate limits, or expiration of term of office, shall he filled by appointment in the same manner as the original board was created, and said board shall always contain its full complement of members. It shall be a feature of all such charters that there shall be provided, among other things, for a mayor or chief magistrate, and a legislative body of either one or two houses; if of two houses, at least one of them shall be elected by general vote of the electors. In submitting any such charter or amendment thereto to the qualified voters of such city or village any alternate section or article may be presented for the choice of the voters and may be voted on separately without prejudice to other articles or sections of the charter or any amendments thereto. The legislature may provide general laws relating to affairs of cities, the application of which may be limited to cities of over fifty thousand inhabitants, or to cities of fifty and not less than twenty thousand inhabitants, or to cities of twenty and not less than ten thousand inhabitants, or to cities of ten thousand inhabitants or less, which shall apply equally to all such cities of either class, and which shall be paramount while in force to the provisions relating to the same matter included in the local charter herein provided for. But no local charter, provision or ordinance passed thereunder shall supersede any general law of the state defining or punishing crimes or misdemeanors. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 051 016.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1898 *** Ratified November 8, 1898 SEC. 16. For the purpose of lending aid in the construction and improvement of public highways and bridges there is hereby created a fund to be known as the "state road and bridge fund." Said fund shall include all moneys accruing from the income derived from investments in the internal improvement land fund, or that may here after accrue to said fund, and shall also include ill funds, accruing to any state road and bridge fund, however provided. The legislature is authorized to add to such fund for the purpose of constructing or improving roads and bridges of this state, by providing, in its discretion, for an annual tax levy upon the property of this state of not to exceed in any year one-twentieth (1/20) of one (1) mill on all the taxable property within the state. The legislature is also authorized to provide for the appointment by the governor of the state, of a board to be known as the "state highway commission," consisting of three (3) members, who shall perform such duties as shall be prescribed by law without salary or compensation other than personal expenses. Such commission shall have general superintendence of the construction of state roads and bridges and shall use such fund in the construction thereof and distribute the same in the several counties in the state upon an equitable basis. Provided, further, that no county shall receive in any year more than three (3) per cent. or less than one-half (1/2) of one (1) per cent. of the total fund thus provided and expended during such year; and provided, further, that no more than one-third (1/3), of such fund accruing in any year shall be expended for bridges, and in no case shall more than one-third (1/3) of the cost of constructing or improving any road or bridge be paid by the state from such fund. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 052 006.0 008.0 0 MN 1857 1904 *** Ratified November 8, 1904 SEC. 6. The permanent school and university fund of this state may be invested in the bonds of any county, school district, city, town or village of this state, but no such investment shall be made until approved by the board of commissioners designated by law to regulate the investment of the permanent school fund and the permanent university fund of this state; nor shall such loan or investment be made when the bonds to be issued or purchased would make the entire bonded indebtedness exceed fifteen (15) per cent of the assessed valuation of the taxable real property of tile county, school district, city, town or village issuing such bonds; nor shall such loans or indebtedness be made at a lower rate of interest than three (3) per cent per annum, nor for a shorter period than five (5) years, nor for a longer period than twenty (20) years, and no change of the town, school district, city, village, or of county lines shall relieve the real property in such town, school district, county, village or city in this state at the time of the issuing of such bonds from any liability for taxation to lay such bonds. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 053 007.0 001.0 0 MN 1857 1904 *** Ratified November 8, 1904 SEC. 7. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law, and no person for the same offense shall be put twice in jeopardy of punishment, nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law. All persons shall before conviction be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses when the proof is evident or the presumption great; and the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended unless when in case of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 054 001.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1906 *** Ratified November 6, 1906 SECTION 1. The power of taxation shall never be surrendered, suspended or contracted away. Taxes shall be uniform upon the same class of subjects, and shall be levied and collected for public purposes, but public burying grounds, public school houses, public hospitals, academies, colleges, universities, and all seminaries of learning, all churches, church property, and houses of worship, institutions of purely public charity, and public property used exclusively for any public purpose, shall be exempt from taxation, and there may be exempted from taxation personal property not exceeding in value $200, for each household, individual or head of family, as the legislature may determine. Provided, that the legislature may authorize municipal corporations to levy and collect assessments for local improvements upon property benefited thereby without regard to a cash valuation, and provided further, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to affect, modify or repeal any existing law providing for the taxation of the gross earnings of railroads. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 055 002.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1906 *** Ratified November 6, 1906 SEC. 2. REPEALED *** MEND *** *** MSTART 056 003.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1906 *** Ratified November 6, 1906 SEC. 3. REPEALED *** MEND *** *** MSTART 057 004.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1906 *** Ratified November 6, 1906 SEC. 4. REPEALED *** MEND *** *** MSTART 058 017.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1906 *** Ratified November 6, 1906 SEC. 17. REPEALED *** MEND *** *** MSTART 059 016.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1906 *** Ratified November 6, 1906 SEC. 16. For the purpose of lending aid in the construction and improvement of public highways and bridges, there is hereby created a fund, to be known as the "state road and bridge fund," said fund shall include all moneys accruing from the income derived from investments in the internal improvement land fund, or that may hereafter accrue to said fund, and shall also include all funds accruing to any state road and bridge fund, however provided. The Legislature is authorized to add to such fund, for the purpose of constructing or improving roads and bridges of this state, by providing, in its discretion, for an annual tax levy upon the property of this state of not to exceed in any year one- fourth (1/4) of one mill on all the taxable property within the state. Provided, that no county shall receive in any year more than three (3) per cent or less than one-half (1/2) of one (1) per cent of the total fund thus provided and expended during such year; and provided, further, that in no case shall more than one-third (1/3) of the cost of constructing or improving any road or bridge be pain by the state from such fund. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 060 018.0 001.0 0 MN 1857 1906 *** Ratified November 6, 1906 SEC. 18. Any person may sell or peddle the products of the farm or garden occupied and cultivated by him without obtaining a license therefor. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 061 016.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1910 *** Ratified November 8, 1910 SEC. 16. For the purpose of lending aid in the construction and improvement of public highways and bridges, there is hereby created a fund, to be known as the "state road and bridge fund," said fund shall include all moneys accruing from the income derived from investments in the internal improvement land fund, or that may hereafter accrue to said fund, and shall also include all funds accruing to any state road and bridge fund, however provided. The legislature is authorized to add to such fund, for the purpose of constructing or improving roads and bridges of this state, by providing, in its discretion, for an annual tax levy upon the property of this state of not to exceed in any year one-fourth (1/4) of one mill on all the taxable property within the state. Provided, that no county shall receive in any year more than three (3) per cent or less than one-half (1/2) of one (1) per cent of the total fund thus provided and expended during such year and provided, further, that in up case shall more than one-half (1/2) of the cost of constructing or improving any road or bridge be paid by the state from such fund. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 062 016.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1912 *** Ratified November 5, 1912 SEC. 16. For the purpose of lending aid in the construction and improvement of public highways and bridges, there is hereby created a fund, to be known as the "state road and bridge fund," said fund shall include all moneys accruing from the income derived from investments in the internal improvement land fund, or that may hereafter accrue to said fund, and shall also include all funds accruing to any state road and bridge fund, however provided. The legislature is authorized to add to such fund, for the purpose of constructing or improving roads and bridges of this state, by providing, in its discretion, for an annual tax levy upon the property of this state of not to exceed in any year one mill on all the taxable property within the state. Provided, that no county shall receive in any year more than three (3) per cent, or less than one-half (1/2) of one (1) per cent of the total fund thus provided and expended during such year. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 063 007.0 008.0 0 MN 1857 1914 *** Ratified November 3, 1914 SEC. 7. Such of the school and other public lands of the state as are better adapted for the production of timber than for agriculture, may be set apart as state school forests, or other state forests, as the legislature may provide, and the legislature may provide for the management of the same on forestry principles. The net revenue therefrom shall be used for the purposes for which the lands were granted to the state. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 064 002.0 008.0 0 MN 1857 1916 *** Ratified November 7, 1916 SEC. 2. The proceeds of such lands as are or hereafter may be granted by the United States for the use of schools within each township of this State shall remain a perpetual school fund to the State; and not more than one-third (1/3) of said lands may be sold in two (2) years, one-third (1/3) in five (5) years, and one-third (1/3) in ten (10) years; but the lands of the greatest valuation shall be sold first; provided, that no portion of said lands shall be sold otherwise than at public sale. The principal of all funds arising from sales or other disposition of lands or other property, granted or entrusted to this State in each township for educational purposes, shall forever be preserved inviolate and undiminished; and the income arising from the lease or sale of said school land shall be distributed to the different townships throughout the State, in proportion to the number of scholars in each township, between the ages of five and twenty-one years; and shall be faithfully applied to the specific objects of the original grants or appropriations. Suitable laws shall be enacted by the legislature for the safe investment of the principal of all funds which have heretofore arisen or which may hereafter arise from the sale or other disposition thereof, in interest bearing bonds of the United States, or of the state of Minnesota, issued after the year 1860, or of such other state as the legislature may, by law, from time to time direct. All swamp lands now held by the State, or that may hereafter accrue to the State, shall be appraised and sold in the same manner and by the same officers, and the minimum price shall be the same less one-third (1/3), as is provided by law for the appraisement and sale of the school lands under the provisions of title one (1) of chapter thirty-eight (38) of the General Statutes. The principal of all funds derived from sales of swamp lands as aforesaid shall forever be preserved inviolate and undiminished. One- half (1/2) of the proceeds of said principal shall be appropriated to the common school fund of the State: the remaining one-half (1/2) shall be appropriated to the educational and charitable institutions of the State in the relative ratio of cost to support said institutions. A revolving fund of not over two hundred fifty thousand dollars ($250,000) may be set apart from the fund derived from the sale of school and swamp lands, to be used in constructing roads, ditches and fire breaks in, through and around unsold school and swamp lands and in clearing such lands, such fund to be replenished as long as needed from the enhanced value realized from the sale of such lands so benefited. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 065 006.0 008.0 0 MN 1857 1916 *** Ratified November 7, 1916 SEC. 6. The permanent school and university fund of this state may be invested in the bonds of any county, school district, city, town or village of this state, and in first mortgage loans secured upon improved and cultivated farm lands of this state. But no such investment or loan shall be made until approved by the board of commissioners designated by law to regulate the investment of the permanent school fund and the permanent university fund of this state; nor shall such loan or investment be made when the bonds to be issued or purchased would make the entire bonded indebtedness exceed 15 per cent of the assessed valuation of the taxable property of the county, school district, city, town or village issuing such bonds; nor shall any farm loan, or investment be made when such investment or loan would exceed 30 per cent of the actual cask value of the farm land mortgage to secure said investment; nor shall such investments or loans be made at a lower rate of interest than 3 per cent per annum, nor for a shorter period than five years, nor for a longer period than thirty years, and no change of the town, school district, city, village or of county lines shall relieve the real property in such town, school district, county, village or city in this state at the time of issuing of such bonds from any liability for taxation to pay such bonds. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 066 001.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1920 *** Ratified November 2, 1920 SECTION 1. There is hereby created and established a trunk highway system, which shall be located, constructed, reconstructed, improved and forever maintained as public highways by the state of Minnesota. The said highways shall extend as nearly as may be along the following described routes, the more specific and definite location of which shall be fixed and determined by such boards, officers or tribunals, and in such manner, as shall be prescribed by law, but in fixing such specific and definite routes there shall not be any deviation from the starting points or terminals set forth in this bill, nor shall there be any deviation in fixing such routes from the various villages and cities named herein, through which such routes are to pass. Route No. 1. Beginning at a point on the boundary line between the states of Minnesota and Iowa, southeasterly at Albert Lea and thence extending in a northwesterly direction to a point in Albert Lea and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point and on the southerly limits of the city of St. Paul and then beginning at a point on the northerly limits of the city of St. Paul and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on the westerly limits of the city of Duluth and then beginning at a point on the northerly limits of the city of Duluth and thence extending in a northeasterly direction to a point on the boundary line between the state of Minnesota and the province of Ontario, affording Albert Lea, Owatonna, Faribault, Northfield, Farmington, St. Paul, White Bear, Forest Lake, Wyoming, Rush City, Pine City, Hinckley, Sandstone, Moose Lake, Canton, Duluth, Two Harbors, Grand Marais and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 2. Beginning at a point on Route No. 1 on the westerly limits of the city of Duluth and thence extending in a southwesterly direction along said Route No. 1 to a point on said route at Canton and thence extending in a westerly direction to a point on the east bank of the Red River of the North at Moorhead, affording Duluth, Canton, McGregor, Aitkin, Brainerd, Motley, Staples, Wadena, Detroit, Moorhead and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 3. Beginning at a point on the boundary line between the states of Minnesota and Wisconsin, westerly of La Crosse, Wisconsin, and thence extending in a northwesterly direction to a point on the easterly limits of the city of St. Paul and then beginning at a point on the westerly limits of the city of Minneapolis and thence extending in a northwesterly direction to a point on the east bank of the Red River of the North at Breckenridge, affording La Crescent, Winona, Kellogg, Wabasha, Lake City, Red Wing, Hastings, St. Paul, Minneapolis, Osseo, Champlin, Anoka, Elk River, Big Lake, St. Cloud, Albany, Sauk Center, Alexandria, Elbow Lake, Fergus Falls, Breckenridge and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 4. Beginning at a point on the boundary line between the states of Minnesota and Iowa, southwesterly of Jackson and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on Route No. 3, southeasterly of Sauk Center and thence extending in a north westerly direction along said Route No. 3 to a point on said route at Sank Center and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point at International Falls, affording Jackson, Windom, Sanborn, Redwood Falls, Morton, Olivia, Willmar, Paynesville, Sauk Center, Long Prairie, Wadena, Park Rapids, Itasca State Park, Bemidji, International Falls and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 5. Beginning at a point on the boundary line between the states of Minnesota and Iowa, southerly of Blue Earth and thence extending in a northeasterly direction to a point on the southerly limits of the city of Minneapolis and then beginning at a point on the northerly limits of the city of Minneapolis and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point in Swan River on Route No. 8, hereinafter described, affording Blue Earth, Winnebago, Mankato, St. Peter, Le Sueur, Jordan, Shakopee, Minneapolis, Cambridge, Mora, McGregor, Swan River and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 6. Beginning at a point on the boundary line between the states of Minnesota and Iowa, southerly of Ash Creek, and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on the boundary line between the state of Minnesota and the province of Manitoba, near St. Vincent, affording Luverne, Pipestone, Lake Benton, Ivanhoe, Canby, Madison, Bellingham, Odessa, Ortonville, Graceville, Dumont, Wheaton, Breckenridge, Moorhead, Kragnes, Georgetown, Perley, Hendrum, Ada, Crookston, Warren, Donaldson, Hallock and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 7. Beginning at point on Route No. 3 at Winona and thence extending in a westerly direction to a point on the boundary line between the states of Minnesota and South Dakota, westerly of Lake Benton, affording Winona, St. Charles, Rochester, Kasson, Dodge Center, Claremont, Owatonna, Waseca, Mankato, St. Peter, New Ulm, Springfield, Tracy, Lake Benton and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 8. Beginning at a point on the westerly limits of the city of Duluth and thence extending in a northwesterly direction to a point on Route No. 6 near Crookston and thence extending in a westerly and northerly direction along said Route No. 6 to a point on said route northerly of Crookston and thence extending in a northwesterly direction to a point on the east bank of the Red River of the North at East Grand Forks, affording Duluth, Floodwood, Swan River, Grand Rapids, Cass Lake, Bemidji, Bagley, Erskine, Crookston, East Grand Forks and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 9. Beginning at a point on Route No. 3 at La Crescent and thence extending in a westerly direction to a point on the boundary line between the states of Minnesota and South Dakota southwesterly of Beaver Creek, affording La Crescent, Hokah, Houston, Rushford, Lanesboro, Preston, Fountain, Spring Valley, Austin, Albert Lea, Blue Earth, Fairmont, Jackson, Worthington, Luverne and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 10. Beginning at a point on the westerly limits of the city of Minneapolis and thence extending in a northwesterly direction to a point on Route No. 6 at or near Wheaton, affording Minneapolis, Montrose, Cokato, Litchfield, Willmar, Benson, Morris, Herman, Wheaton and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 11. Beginning at a point on Route No. 8 at the westerly limits of the city of Duluth and thence extending in a northwesterly and northerly direction to a point on Route No. 4 at International Falls and thence extending in a southwesterly direction along said Route No. 4 to a point on said route southwesterly of International Falls and thence extending in a westerly direction to a point on Route No. 6 at Donaldson, affording Duluth, Eveleth, Virginia, Cook, Orr, Cussons, International Falls, Baudette, Warroad, Roseau, Greenbush, Donaldson and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 12. Beginning at a point on the west bank of the St. Croix River near Hudson, Wisconsin and thence extending in a westerly direction to a point on the easterly limits of the city of St. Paul and then beginning at a point on the westerly limits of the city of Minneapolis and thence extending in a westerly direction to a point on Route No. 6 at Madison, affording St. Paul, Minneapolis, Hopkins, Norwood, Glencoe, Olivia, Granite Falls, Montevideo, Dawson, Madison and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 13. Beginning at a point on Route No. 9 at Albert Lea and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on Route No. 5 at Jordan, affording Albert Lea, Waseca, Waterville, Montgomery, New Prague, Jordan and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 14. Beginning at a point on Route No. 6 at Ivanhoe and thence extending in an easterly direction to a point on Route No. 4 at Redwood Falls and thence extending in an easterly direction along said Route No. 4 to a point on said route at Morton and thence extending in an easterly direction to a point on Route No. 22, hereinafter described, at Gaylord, affording Ivanhoe, Marshall, Redwood Pails, Morton, Winthrop, Gaylord and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 15. Beginning at a point on the boundary line between the states of Minnesota and Iowa southerly of Fairmont and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on Route No. 14 at Winthrop, affording Fairmont, Madelia, New Ulm, Winthrop and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 16. Beginning at a point on Route No. 5 southwesterly of Mankato and thence extending westerly to a point on Route No. 15 at Madelia and thence extending in a southerly direction along said Route No. 15 to a point on said route southerly of Madelia and thence extending in a westerly direction to a point on Route No. 4 northerly of Windom and thence extending in a southerly direction along said Route No. 4 to a point on said route at Windom and thence extending in a westerly direction to a point at Fulda and thence extending in a southerly direction to a point on Route No. 9 at Worthington, affording Mankato, Madelia, St. James, Windom, Fulda, Worthington and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 17. Beginning at a point on Routes No. 16 at Fulda and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on Route No. 12 at Granite Falls, affording Fulda, Slayton, Garvin, Marshall, Granite Falls and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonab1e means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 18. Beginning at a point on Route No. 3 at Elk River and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on Route No. 2 easterly of Brainerd, affording Elk River, Princeton, Milaca, Onamia and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 19. Beginning at a point on Route No. 2 at Brainerd and thence extending in a northwesterly direction to a point on Route No. 8 at Cass Lake, affording Brainerd, Pine River, Walker, Cass Lake and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 20. Beginning at a point on the boundary line between the states of Minnesota and Iowa near Canton and thence extending in a northwesterly direction to a point on Route No. 9 at or near Preston and thence extending in a northwesterly direction along said Route No. 9 to a point on said route at Fountain and thence extending in a northwesterly direction to a point on Route No. 3 in the town of Douglas, Dakota county (T. 113, R. 17 W) affording Canton, Harmony, Preston, Fountain, Chatfield, Oronoco, Pine Island, Zumbrota, Cannon Falls and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 21. Beginning at a point on Route No. 20 at Zumbrota and thence extending in a westerly direction to a point on Route No. 5 at St. Peter, affording Zumbrota, Kenyon, Faribault, Le Sueur Center, Cleveland, St. Peter and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 22. Beginning at a point on Route No. 5 at St. Peter and thence extending in a northwesterly direction to a point on Route No. 4 at Paynesville, affording St. Peter, Gaylord, Glencoe, Hutchinson, Litchfield, Paynesville and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Rout. No. 23. Beginning at a point on Route No. 4 at Paynesville and thence extending in a northeasterly direction through the villages of Richmond, Coldspring, Rockville and Waite Park to a point on Route No. 3 westerly of St. Cloud, and thence extending in a northeasterly direction to a point on Route No. 5 southerly of Mora, and thence extending in a northerly direction along said Route No. S to a point on said route at Mora, and thence extending in an easterly direction to a point on Route No. 1 southerly of Hinckley, affording Paynesville, St. Cloud, Foley, Milaca, Ogilvie, Mora and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 24. Beginning at a point on Route No. 10 at Litchfield and thence extending in a northeasterly direction to a point on Route No. 3 at St. Cloud, affording Litchfield, St. Cloud and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 25. Beginning at a point on Route No. S at or near Belle Plaine and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on Route No. 3 at Big Lake, affording Belle Plaine, Norwood, Watertown, Montrose, Buffalo, Monticello, Big Lake and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 26. Beginning at a point on Route No. 10 at Benson and thence extending in a westerly direction to a point on Route No. 6 near Ortonville, affording Benson, Ortonville and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 27. Beginning at a point on Route No. 3 at St. Cloud and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on Route No. 2 at Brainerd, affording St. Cloud, Sauk Rapids, Royalton, Little Falls, Brainerd and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 28. Beginning at a point on Route No. 27 at Little Falls and thence extending in a southwesterly direction to a point on the boundary line between the states of Minnesota and South Dakota at Browns Valley, affording Little Falls, Sauk Center, Glenwood, Starbuck, Morris, Graceville, Browns Valley and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 29. Beginning at a point on Route No. 28 at Glenwood and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on Route No. 2 westerly of Wadena affording Glenwood, Alexadria, Parkers Prairie, Deer Creek and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 30. Beginning at a point on Route No. 3 at Fergus Falls, and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on Route No. 8 at Erskine, affording Fergus Falls, Pelican Rapids, Detroit, Mahnomen, Erskine and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 31. Beginning at a point on Route No. 6 at Ada, and thence extending in an easterly direction to a point on Route No. 30 near Mahnomen, affording Ada, Mahnomen and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 32. Beginning at a point on Route No. 8 easterly of Crookston and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on Route No. 11 at Greenbush, affording Red Lake Falls, Thief River Falls, Middle River, Greenbush and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 33. Beginning at a point on Route No. 32 at Thief River Falls and thence extending in a northwesterly direction to a point on Route No. 6 at Warren, affording Thief River Falls, Warren and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 34. Beginning at a point on Route No. 2 at Detroit and thence extending in a northeasterly direction to a point on Route No. 8 westerly of Grand Rapids, affording Detroit, Park Rapids, Walker, Remer, Grand Rapids and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 35. Beginning at a point on Route No. 18 near Mule Lacs Lake and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point at Grand Rapids and thence extending in a northeasterly direction to a point at Ely, affording Aitkin, Grand Rapids, Hibbing, Chisholm, Buhl, Mountain Iron, Virginia, Gilbert, McKinley, Biwabik, Aurora, Tower and Ely and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 36. Beginning at a point on Route No. 3 at Fergus Falls and thence extending, in an easterly direction to a point on Route No.29 easterly of Henning, affording Fergus Falls, Henning and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 37. Beginning at a point on Route No. 27 at Little Falls and thence extending in a northwesterly direction to a point on Route No. 2 at Motley, affording Little Falls, Motley and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 38. Beginning at a point on Route No. 12 at Montevideo and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on Route No. 28 at Starbuck, affording Montevideo, Benson, Starbuck and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 39. Beginning at a point on Route No. 7 at Mankato and thence extending in a southeasterly direction to a point on Route No. 9 westerly of Albert Lea, affording Mankato, Mapleton, Minnesota Lake, Wells and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 40. Beginning at a point on the boundary line between the states of Minnesota and Iowa at Lyle and thence extending in a northwesterly direction to a point on Route No. 7 at Owatonna, affording Lyle, Austin, Blooming Prairie, Owatonna and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 41. Beginning at a point on Route No. 40 at or near Blooming Prairie and thence extending in an easterly direction to a point on Route No. 56, hereinafter described, near Hayfield, affording Blooming Prairie, Hayfield and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 42. Beginning at a point on Route No. 7 easterly of Rochester and thence extending in a northeasterly direction to a point on Route No. 3 at Kellogg, affording Rochester, Elgin, Plainview, Kellogg and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 43. Beginning at a point on Route No. 9 at Rushford and thence extending in a northeasterly direction to a point on Route No. 3 at Winona, affording Rushford, Winona and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 44. Beginning at a point on Route No. 9 at Hokah and thence extending in a southwesterly direction to a point on Route No. 20 near Canton, affording Hokah, Caledonia, Canton and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 45. Beginning at a point on the west bank of the St. Croix River at Stillwater and thence extending in a southwesterly direction to a point on the easterly limits of the city of St. Paul, affording Stillwater, Lake Elmo, St. Paul and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 46. Beginning at a point on the west bank of the St Croix River at Taylors Falls and thence extending in a southwesterly direction to a point on Route No. 1 near Wyoming, affording Taylors Falls, Center City, Wyoming and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 47. Beginning at a point on Route No. 17 at Slayton and thence extending in a westerly direction to a point on Route No. 6 at Pipestone, affording Slayton, Pipestone and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 48. Beginning at a point on Route No. 17 westerly of Granite Falls and thence extending in a westerly direction to a point on Route No. 6 at Canby, affording Granite Falls, Clarkfield, Canby and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 49. Beginning at a point on Route No. 12 easterly of Montevideo and thence extending in a northeasterly direction to a point on Route No. 4 southerly of Willmar, affording Montevideo, Clara City, Willmar and intervening and adjacent communities, a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 50. Beginning at a point on Route No. 20 at Cannon Falls and thence extending in a northwesterly direction to a point on the southerly limits of the city of Minneapolis, affording Cannon Falls, Farmington, Minneapolis and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 51. Beginning at a point on Route No. 5 at Shakopee and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on Route No. 12 northerly of Shakopee, affording a connection between said Route No. 5 and said Route No. 12. Route No. 52. Beginning at a point on Route No. 5 south of the city of Minneapolis and thence extending in a northeasterly direction to a point on the westerly limits of the United States military reservation at Fort Snelling, affording St. Paul and adjacent communities a reasonable communication with said Route No. 5. Route No. 53. Beginning at a point on Route No. 3 at Hastings and thence extending in a northwesterly direction to a point on the southerly limits of the city of South St. Paul, affording Hastings, South St. Paul and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 54. Beginning at a point on Route No. 3 at Elbow Lake and thence extending in a southwesterly direction to a point on Route No. 10 at Herman, affording Elbow Lake, Herman and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 55. Beginning at a point on Route No. 2 northwesterly of Carlton and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point in Cloquet, affording Canton, Cloquet and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 56. Beginning at a point on Route No. 9 easterly of Austin and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on Route No. 21 at or near Kenyon affording Brownsdale, Hayfield, Dodge Center, West Concord, Kenyon and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 57. Beginning at a point in Mantorville and extending in a southerly direction to a point on Route No. 7 southerly of Mantorville, affording Mantorville a reasonable means of communication with said Route No. 7. Route No. 58. Beginning at a point on Route No. 20 at Zumbrota and thence extending in a northeasterly direction to a point on Route No. 3 at Red Wing, affording Zumbrota, Red Wing and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 59. Beginning at a point on the boundary line between the states of Minnesota and Iowa southerly of Spring Valley and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on No. 3 at Lake City, affording Spring Valley, Stewartville, Rochester, Zumbro Falls, Lake City and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 60. Beginning at a point on Route No. 1 at Faribault and thence extending in a southwesterly direction to a point on Route No. 7 at or near Madison Lake, affording Faribault, Morristown, Waterville, Madison Lake and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 61. Beginning at a point on Route No. 8 at Deer River and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on Route No. 4 at or near Big Falls, affording Deer River, Big Falls and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 62. Beginning at a point on Route No. 3 at Anoka and thence extending in a southeasterly direction to a point on the northerly limits of the city of St. Paul, affording Anoka, St. Paul and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 63. Beginning at a point on Route No. 1 southerly of Forest Lake and thence extending in a southwesterly direction to a point on the northerly and easterly limits of the city of Minneapolis, affording a reasonable means of communication between Route No. 1 and Minneapolis. Route No. 64. Beginning at a point on Route No. 30 northerly of Fergus Falls and thence extending in a northerly and westerly direction to a point on Route No. 6 southerly of Moorhead, affording Fergus Falls, Rothsay, Barnesville, Moorhead and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 65. Beginning at a point on Route No. 8 at Bagley and thence extending in a northerly and westerly direction to a point on Route No. 32 southerly of Red Lake Falls, affording Bagley, Clearbrook, Gonvick, Gully, Brooks, Terrebonne and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 66. Beginning at a point on Route No. 12 at Montevideo and thence extending in a northwesterly direction to a point on Route No. 26 northerly of Appleton affording Montevideo, Appleton and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 67. Beginning at a point on Route No. 14 southerly of Echo and thence extending in a northerly and westerly direction to a point on Route No. 17 at or near Granite Falls, affording Echo, Granite Falls and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 68. Beginning at a point on Route No. 14 at Marshall and thence extending in a northwesterly direction to a point on Route No. 6 near Canby, affording Marshall, Minneota, Canby and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 69. Beginning at a point on Route No. 25 at Buffalo and thence extending in a northwesterly direction to a point on Route No. 22 southeasterly of Paynesville, affording Buffalo, Maple Lake, Annandale, Eden Valley, Paynesville and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Route No. 70. Beginning at a point on Route No. 7 westerly of New Ulm and thence extending in a northerly direction to a point on Route No. 12 at or near the village of Hector, affording Fort Ridgely, Fairfax, Hector and intervening and adjacent communities a reasonable means of communication, each with the other and other places within the state. Additional Routes. Whenever, either by reason of the creation of a new county, or by reason of the change of the county seat of any existing county, any city or village not a county seat at the time of the adoption of this amendment is lawfully constituted the county seat of any county, the legislature is authorized to add to the trunk highway system such additional routes connecting such newly constituted county seats with other county seats and other points in the state. When after at least seventy-five (75) per cent of the total number of the miles of the routes embraced in the trunk highway system hereinbefore specified shall have been constructed and permanently improved, the legislature shall have authority to add new routes to such trunk highway system; provided, however, that no such new routes shall be added until and unless the funds available for the construction, improvement and maintenance of such additional routes shall be sufficient therefor in addition to the construction, improvement and maintenance of the several routes hereinbefore specifically described. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 067 002.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1920 *** Ratified November 2, 1920 SEC. 2. There is hereby created a fund which shall be known as the trunk highway sinking fund. Said fund shall consist of the proceeds of any tax imposed on motor vehicles as herein authorized. The moneys in said fund shall be used for the payment of the principal and interest of any bonds which may be issued under the authority of this article; and any moneys in excess of such requirements shall be transferred to a fund which is hereby created and which shall be known as the trunk highway fund. The trunk highway fund shall be used solely for the purposes specified in section 1 of this article, and when duly authorized by legislative enactment to reimburse any county for the money expended by it subsequent to February 1st, 1919, in permanently improving any road hereinbefore specifically described, in accordance with plans and specifications therefor approved by the commissioner of highways. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 068 003.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1920 *** Ratified November 2, 1920 SEC. 3. The legislature is hereby authorized to provide, by law, for the taxation of motor vehicles, using the public streets and highways of this state, on a more onerous basis than other personal property, provided, however, that any such tax on motor vehicles shall he in lieu of all other taxes thereon, except wheelage taxes, so-called, which may be imposed by any borough, city or village. Any such law may, in the discretion of the legislatures provide for the exemption from taxation of any motor vehicle owned by a non-resident of the state, and transiently or temporarily using the streets and highways of the state. The proceeds of such tax shall be paid into said trunk highway sinking fund. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 069 004.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1920 *** Ratified November 2, 1920 SEC. 4. The legislature may provide by law for the issue and sale of the bonds of the state in such amount as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of section 1 of this article, provided, however, that the amount of bonds which may be issued in any one calendar year shall not exceed, in the aggregate, ten million dollars, par value, and provided, further, the total amount of such bonds issued and sold shall not at any time exceed seventy-five million dollars, par value. The proceeds of the sale of such bonds shall be paid into the treasury of the state and credited to the trunk highway fund. Any bonds so issued and sold shall be for a term not exceeding twenty (20) years. They shall not be sold for less than par and accrued interest and shall not bear interest at a greater rate than five per cent per annum. In case the trunk highway sinking fund shall not be adequate to meet the payment of the principal and interest of the bonds authorized by the legislature as hereinbefore provided, the legislature may provide by law for the taxation of all taxable property of the state in an amount sufficient to meet the deficiency, or it may, in its discretion, appropriate to such sinking fund moneys in the state treasury not otherwise appropriated. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 070 005.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1920 *** Ratified November 2, 1920 SEC. 5. Any and all provisions of the constitution of the state of Minnesota inconsistent with the provisions of this article, are hereby repealed, so far, but only so far, as the same prohibit or limit the power of the legislature to enact laws authorizing or permitting the doing of the things hereinbefore authorized. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 071 007.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1920 *** Ratified November 2, 1920 SEC. 7. There shall be established in each organized county in the state a probate court which shall be a court of record, and be held at such times and places as may be prescribed by law. It shall be held by one judge, who shall be elected by the voters of the county for the term of four years. He shall be a resident of such county at the time of his election, and reside therein during his continuance in office; and his compensation shall be provided by law. He may appoint his own clerk where none has been elected; but the legislature may authorize the election, by the electors of any county, of one clerk or register of probate for such county, whose powers, duties, term of office and compensation shall be prescribed by law. A probate court shall have jurisdiction over the estates of deceased persons and persons under guardianship, but no other jurisdiction, except as prescribed by this constitution. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 072 010.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1922 *** Ratified November 7, 1922 SEC. 10. The credit of the State shall never be given or loaned in aid of any individual, association or corporation, except as hereinafter provided. Nor shall there be any further issue of bonds denominated "Minnesota State Railroad Bonds," under what purports to be an amendment to Section ten (10) of Article nine (9) of the Constitution, adopted April 15th, 1858, which is hereby expunged from the Constitution, saving, excepting and reserving to the State, nevertheless, all rights, remedies and forfeitures accruing under said amendment. Provided, however, that for the purpose of developing the agricultural resources of the state, the State may establish and maintain a system of rural credits and thereby loan money and extend credit to the people of the State upon real estate security in such manner and upon such terms and conditions as may be prescribed by law, and to issue and negotiate bonds to provide money to be so loaned. The limit of indebtedness contained in Section 5 of this Article shall not apply to the provisions of this Section, and the purposes for which the credit of the State or the aforesaid municipal subdivisions thereof may be given or loaned as herein provided are declared to be public purposes. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 073 001.A 009.0 0 MN 1857 1922 *** Ratified November 7, 1922 SEC. 1A. Every person, co-partnership, company, joint stock company, corporation, or association however or for whatever purpose organized, engaged in the business of mining or producing iron ore or other ores in this state, shall pay to the state of Minnesota an occupation tax on the valuation of all ores mined or produced, which tax shall be in addition to all other taxes provided by law, said tax to be due and payable from such person. co-partnership, company, joint stock company, corporation, or association however or for whatever purpose organized, on May first of the calendar year next following the mining or producing thereof. The valuation of ore for the purpose of determining the amount of tax to be paid shall be ascertained in the manner and method provided by law. Funds derived from the tax herein provided for shall be apportioned; fifty percent to the State General Revenue Fund, forty percent to the Permanent School Fund and ten percent to the Permanent University Fund. The Legislature shall by law make the necessary provisions for carrying out the provisions of this section. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 074 005.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1924 *** Ratified November 24, 1924 SEC. 5. For the purpose of defraying extraordinary expenditures, the state may contract public debts, but such debts shall never, in the aggregate, exceed two hundred and fifty thousand dollars; every such debt shall be authorized by law, for some single object, to be distinctly specified therein; and no such law shall take effect until it shall have been passed by the vote of two-thirds of the members of each branch of the legislature, to be recorded by yeas and nays on the journals of each house respectively; and every such law shall levy a tax annually sufficient to pay the annual interest of such debt, and also a tax sufficient to pay the principal of such debt within ten years from the final passage of such law, and shall specially appropriate the proceeds of such taxes to the payment of such principal and interest; and such appropriation and taxes shall not be repealed, postponed, or diminished, until the principal and interest of such debt shall have been wholly paid. The state shall never contract any debts for works of internal improvements, or be a party in carrying on such works, except as authorized by Section 16 of Article 9, and by Article 16 of this Constitution, but it may levy an excise tax upon any substance, material, fluid, force or other means or instrumentality or the business of dealing in, selling or producing any or all thereof, used or useful, in producing or generating power for propelling motor or other vehicles used on the public highways of this State, and shall place the proceeds of such tax in the Trunk Highway Fund provided for in Section 2 of said Article 16, and further except in cases where grants of land or other property shall have been made to the state, especially dedicated by the grant to specific purposes, and in such cases the state shall devote thereto the avails of such grants, and may pledge or appropriate the revenues derived from such works in aid of their completion. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 075 001.0 017.0 0 MN 1857 1924 *** Ratified November 24, 1924 SECTION 1. The state and (or) any of its political subdivisions, if and whenever authorized by the legislature, may contract debts and pledge the public credit for and engage in any work reasonably tending to prevent or abate forest fires, including the compulsory clearing and improvement of wild lands (whether belonging to the public or privately owned) and the assessment against such lands of the value of all benefits so conferred and the payment of damages so sustained in excess of such benefits. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 076 002.0 017.0 0 MN 1857 1924 *** Ratified November 24, 1924 SEC. 2. Any and all provisions of the constitution of the state of Minnesota inconsistent with the provisions of this article, are hereby repealed, so far, but only so far, as the same prohibit or limit the power of the legislature to enact laws authorizing or permitting the doing of the things hereinbefore authorized. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 077 001.0 018.0 0 MN 1857 1926 *** Ratified November 1926 SECTION 1. Laws may be enacted for the purpose of encouraging and promoting forestation and reforestation of lands in this state, whether owned by private persons or the public, including the fixing in advance of a definite and limited annual tax on such lands for a term of years and a yield tax at or after the end of such term upon the timber and other forest products so grown, but the taxation of mineral deposits shall not be affected by this amendment. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 078 002.0 018.0 0 MN 1857 1924 *** Ratified November 1926 SEC. 2. Any and all provisions of the constitution of the state of Minnesota, inconsistent with the provisions of this article, are hereby repealed, so far, but only so far, as the same prohibit or limit the power of the legislature to enact laws authorizing or permitting the doing of the things hereinbefore authorized. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 079 005.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1928 *** Ratified November 6, 1928 SEC. 5. For the purpose of defraying extraordinary expenditures, the state may contract public debts, but such debts shall never, in the aggregate, exceed two hundred and fifty thousand dollars; every such debt shall be authorized by law, for some single object, to be distinctly specified therein; and no such law shall take effect until it shall have been passed by the vote of two-thirds of the members of each branch of the legislature, to be recorded by yeas and nays on the journals of each house respectively; and every such law shall levy a tax annually sufficient to pay the annual interest of such debt, and also a tax sufficient to pay the principal of such debt within ten years from the final passage of such law, and shall specially appropriate the proceeds of such taxes to the payment of such principal and interest; and such appropriation and taxes shall not be repealed, postponed, or diminished, until the principal and interest of such debt shall have been wholly paid. The state shall never contract any debts for works of internal improvements, or be a party in carrying on such works, except as authorized by Section 16 of Article 9, and by Article 16 of this Constitution, but it may levy an excise tax upon any substance, material, fluid, force or other means or instrumentality or the business of dealing in, selling or producing any or all thereof, used or useful, in producing or generating power for propelling motor or other vehicles used on the public highways of this State, and shall place two-thirds of the proceeds of such tax in the Trunk Highway Fund provided for in Section 2 of said Article 16, and one-third thereof in the state road and bridge fund, and further except in cases where grants of land or other property shall have been made to the state, especially dedicated by the grant to specific purposes, and in such cases the state shall devote thereto the avails of such grants, and may pledge or appropriate the revenues derived from such works in aid of their completion. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 080 003.0 010.0 0 MN 1857 1930 *** Ratified November 4, 1930 SEC. 3. The legislature shall have power from time to time to provide for, limit and otherwise regulate the liability of stockholders or members of corporations and cooperative corporations or associations, however organized. Provided every stockholder in a banking or trust corporation or association shall be individually liable in an amount equal to the amount of stock owned by him for all debts of such corporation contracted prior to any transfer of such stock and such individual liability shall continue for one year after any transfer of such stock and the entry thereof on the books of the corporation or association. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 081 002.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1930 *** Ratified November 4, 1930 SEC. 2. The supreme court shall consist of one chief justice and six associate justices. It shall have original jurisdiction in such remedial cases as may be prescribed by law, and appellate jurisdiction in all cases, both in law and equity, but there shall be not trial by jury in said court. It shall hold one or more terms in each year, as the legislature may direct, at the seat of government, and the legislature may provide, by a two-thirds vote, that one term in each year shall be held in each or any judicial district. It shall be the duty of such court to appoint a reporter of its decisions, There shall be chosen, by the qualified electors of the state, one clerk of the supreme court, who shall hold his office for the term of four years, and until his successor is duly elected and qualified; and the judges of the supreme court, or a majority of them, shall have the power to fill any vacancy in the office of clerk of the supreme court until an election can be regularly had. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 082 003.0 16.0 0 MN 1857 1932 *** Ratified November 1932 SEC. 3. The legislature is hereby authorized to provide, by law, for the taxation of motor vehicles, using the public streets and highways of this state, on a more onerous basis than other personal property, provided, however, that any such tax on motor vehicles shall he in lieu of all other taxes thereon, except wheelage taxes, so-called, which may be imposed by any borough, city or village, and except that the legislature may impose such tax upon motor vehicles of companies paying taxes under gross earnings system of taxation and upon the right to use such vehicles upon the public highways notwithstanding the fact that earnings from such vehicles may be included in the earnings of such companies upon which such gross earnings taxes are computed. Any such law may, in the discretion of the legislatures provide for the exemption from taxation of any motor vehicle owned by a non-resident of the state, and transiently or temporarily using the streets and highways of the state. The proceeds of such tax shall be paid into said trunk highway sinking fund. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 083 001.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1934 *** Ratified November 1934 SECTION 1. The power of taxation shall never be surrendered suspended or contracted away. Taxes shall be uniform upon the same class of subjects, and shall be levied and collected for public purposes, but public burying grounds, public school houses, public hospitals, academies, colleges, universities, and all seminaries of learning, all churches, church property and houses of worship, institutions of purely public charity, public property used exclusively for any public purpose, shall be exempt from taxation, and there may be exempted from taxation personal property not exceeding in value $200, for each household, individual or head of a family, and household goods and farm machinery, as the legislature may determine: Provided, that the legislature may authorize municipal corporations to levy and collect assessments for local improvements upon property benefited thereby without regard to a cash valuation, and provided further, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to affect, modify or repeal any existing law providing for the taxation of the gross earnings of railroads. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 084 008.0 008.0 0 MN 1857 1938 *** Ratified November 8, 1938 SEC. 8. Any of the public lands of the state, including lands held in trust for any purpose, may, with the unanimous approval of a commission consisting of the governor, the attorney general and the state auditor, be exchanged for lands of the United States and/or privately owned lands in such manner as the legislature may provide, and the lands so acquired shall be subject to the trust, if any, to which the lands exchanged therefor were subject, and the state shall reserve all mineral and water power rights in lands so transferred by the state. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 085 006.0 008.0 0 MN 1857 1942 *** Ratified November 3, 1942 SEC. 6. The permanent school, permanent university and swamp land fund of this state may be loaned to or invested in the bonds of any county, school district, city, town or village of this state, and in first mortgage loans secured upon improved and cultivated farm lands of this state. But no such investment or loan shall be made until approved by the board of commissioners designated by law to regulate the investment of the permanent school fund and the permanent university fund of this state; nor shall such loan or investment be made when the bonds to be issued or purchased would make the entire bonded indebtedness exceed 15 per cent of the assessed valuation of the taxable property of the county, school district, city, town or village issuing such bonds; nor shall any farm loan, or investment be made when such investment or loan would exceed 30 per cent of the actual cask value of the farm land mortgage to secure said investment; nor shall such investments or loans be made at a lower rate of interest than two (2) per cent per annum, nor for a shorter period than one year, nor for a longer period than thirty (30) years, and no change of the town, school district, city, village or of county lines shall relieve the real property in such town, school district, county, village or city in this state at the time of issuing of such bonds from any liability for taxation to pay such bonds. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 086 036.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1942 *** Ratified November 3, 1942 SEC. 36. Any city or village in this state may frame a charter for its own government as a city consistent with and subject to the laws of this state, as follows: The legislature shall provide, under such restrictions as it deems proper, for a board of fifteen freeholders who shall be and for the past five years shall have been qualified voters thereof, to be appointed by the district judges of the judicial district in which the city or village is situated, as the legislature may determine, for a term in no event to exceed six years, which board shall, within six months after its appointment, return to the chief magistrate of said city or village a draft of said charter, signed by the members of said board, or a majority thereof. Such charter shall be submitted to the qualified voters of such city or village at the next election thereafter, and if four-sevenths of the qualified voters voting at such election shall ratify the same it shall, at the end of thirty days thereafter, become the charter of such city or village as a city, and supersede any existing charter and amendments thereof; provided, that in cities having patrol limits now established, such charter shall require a three-fourths majority vote of the qualified voters voting at such election to change the patrol limits now established. Before any city shall incorporate under this act the legislature shall prescribe by law the general limits within which such charter shall be framed. Duplicate certificates shall be made setting forth the charter proposed and its ratification, which shall be signed by the chief magistrate of said city or village and authenticated by its corporate seal. One of said certificates shall be deposited in the office of secretary of state, and the other, after being recorded in the office of the register of deeds for the county in which such city or village lies, shall be deposited among the achieves of such city or village, and all courts shall take judicial notice thereof. Such charter so deposited may be amended by proposal therefor made by a board of fifteen commissioners aforesaid, published for at least once each week for four successive weeks in a legal newspaper of general circulation in such city or village, and accepted by three-fifths of the qualified voters of such city or village voting at the next election and not otherwise; but such charter shall always be in harmony with and subject to the constitution and laws of the state of Minnesota. The legislature may prescribe the duties of the commission relative to submitting amendments of charter to the vote of the people, and shall provide that upon application of five per cent. of the legal voters of any such city or village, by written petition, such commission shall submit to the vote of the people proposed amendments to such charter set forth in said petition. The board of freeholders above provided for shall be permanent, and all the vacancies by death, disability to perform duties, resignation or removal from the corporate limits, or expiration of term of office, shall he filled by appointment in the same manner as the original board was created, and said board shall always contain its full complement of members. It shall be a feature of all such charters that there shall be provided, among other things, for a mayor or chief magistrate, and a legislative body of either one or two houses; if of two houses, at least one of them shall be elected by general vote of the electors. In submitting any such charter or amendment thereto to the qualified voters of such city or village any alternate section or article may be presented for the choice of the voters and may be voted on separately without prejudice to other articles or sections of the charter or any amendments thereto. The legislature may provide general laws relating to affairs of cities, the application of which may be limited to cities of over fifty thousand inhabitants, or to cities of fifty and not less than twenty thousand inhabitants, or to cities of twenty and not less than ten thousand inhabitants, or to cities of ten thousand inhabitants or less, which shall apply equally to all such cities of either class, and which shall be paramount while in force to the provisions relating to the same matter included in the local charter herein provided for. But no local charter, provision or ordinance passed thereunder shall supersede any general law of the state defining or punishing crimes or misdemeanors. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 087 001.0 019.0 0 MN 1857 1944 *** Ratified November 7, 1944 SECTION 1. The state may construct, improve, maintain, and operate and may assist counties, cities, towns, villages, boroughs, and public corporations in constructing, improving, maintaining, and operating airports and other air navigation facilities. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 088 002.0 019.0 0 MN 1857 1944 *** Ratified November 7, 1944 SEC. 2. For the purpose of carrying on or assisting in carrying on such work it may expend monies, including such monies as the legislature may see fit to appropriate, may incur debts, and may issue and negotiate bonds to provide money therefor. The provisions of Section 5 of Article 9 of the Constitution shall not apply to the provisions of this section, and the purposes for which the credit of the state may be given or loaned as herein provided are declared to be public purposes. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 089 003.0 019.0 0 MN 1857 1944 *** Ratified November 7, 1944 SEC. 3. The state may levy a state excise tax upon any fluid or other means or instrumentalities, or the business of dealing in, selling, or producing any or all thereof, used in producing or generating power for propelling aircraft of any kind now known or hereafter invented, or for propelling or operating motor or other vehicles, or other equipment used for airport purposes and not used on the public highways of this state. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 090 004.0 019.0 0 MN 1857 1944 *** Ratified November 7, 1944 SEC. 4. The legislature is hereby authorized to provide, by law, for the taxation of aircraft using the air space overlying the State of Minnesota and the airports thereof, including any contrivance, now known or hereafter invented, used or designed for navigation of or flight in the air, on a more onerous basis than other personal property; provided, however, that any such tax on aircraft shall be in lieu of all other taxation thereon, and except that the legislature may impose such tax upon aircraft of companies paying taxes under any gross earnings system of taxation, and upon the right to use such aircraft in the air space overlying the State of Minnesota and upon the airports thereof, notwithstanding the fact that earnings from such aircraft may be included in the earnings of such companies upon which such gross earnings taxes are computed. Any such law may, in the discretion of the legislature, provide for the exemption from taxation of any aircraft owned by a nonresident of the state and transiently or temporarily using the air space overlying the State of Minnesota or the airports thereof. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 091 005.0 019.0 0 MN 1857 1944 *** Ratified November 7, 1944 SEC. 5. Any and all provisions of the Constitution of the State of Minnesota inconsistent with the provisions of this article are hereby repealed, so far, but only so far, as the same prohibit or limit the power of the legislature to enact laws authorizing or permitting the doing of the things hereinbefore authorized. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 092 001.0 020.0 0 MN 1857 1948 *** Ratified November 2, 1948 SECTION 1. The state may at any time pay an adjusted compensation to persons who have served in the Armed Forces of the United States during the period from and including September 16, 1940, through December 30, 1946; may levy taxes and appropriate monies for such purpose; and if and whenever authorized, and in such amounts and on such terms as may be fixed by the Legislature, may expend monies, may contract debts. may issue and negotiate bonds or certificates of indebtedness, or both, and may pledge the public credit, to provide money therefor. The provisions of section 5 of Article 9 of the Constitution shall not apply to the provisions of this section, and the purposes for which the credit of the state may be given or loaned as herein provided are declared to be public purposes. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 093 002.0 020.0 0 MN 1857 1948 *** Ratified November 2, 1948 SEC. 2. Any and all provisions of the Constitution of the State of Minnesota inconsistent with the provisions of this article are hereby repealed, so far, but only so far, as the same prohibit or limit the power of the Legislature to enact laws authorizing or permitting the doing of the things hereinbefore authorized. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 094 001.B 009.0 0 MN 1857 1950 *** Ratified November 1950 SEC. 1B. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 1A of Article 9 of the constitution, a portion of the proceeds of the occupation tax on the valuation of all ores mined or produced to be paid by every person, co-partnership, company, joint stock company, corporation, or association however or for whatever purpose organized, engaged in the business of mining or producing iron ore or other ores in this state, equal to the proceeds of a tax of one per cent on such valuation levied in the manner provided by law, shall be paid into the veterans compensation fund before the remaining funds derived from the occupation tax are apportioned as provided by Section 1A of Article 9 of this constitution. This amendment when approved by the people and proclaimed, all as provided by law, shall be effective as of the first day of January, 1949. In the event that the provisions of the preceding sentence shall be held to contravene the constitution of the United States of America, the remaining provisions of this section shall stand as valid and continue in full force and effect. This section of the constitution shall expire on December 31, 1958, except as to the proceeds of the occupation taxes theretofore levied and thereafter collected. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 095 007.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1954 *** Ratified November 2, 1954 SEC. 7. There shall be established in each organized county in the State a probate court, which shall be a court of records, and be held at such time and place as may be prescribed by law. It shall be held by one judge, whose qualifications may be established by law. The judge shall be elected by the voters of the county for a term of four years. He shall be a resident of such county at the time of his election, and reside therein during his continuance in office. His compensation shall be provided by law. He may appoint his own clerk or register of probate for such county, whose powers, duties, term of office and compensation shall be prescribed by law. A probate court shall have jurisdiction over the person and estate, either or both, of persons under guardianship; over estates of deceased persons; and such further jurisdiction as the legislature may from time to time establish by a two-thirds vote. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 096 003.0 010.0 0 MN 1857 1954 *** Ratified November 2, 1954 SEC. 3. The legislature shall have power from time to time to provide for, limit and otherwise regulate the liability of stockholders or members of corporations and cooperative corporations or associations, however organized. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 097 003.0 014.0 0 MN 1857 1954 *** Ratified November 2, 1954 SEC. 3. Any convention called to revise this constitution shall submit any revision thereof by said convention to the people of the State of Minnesota for their approval or rejection at the next general election held not less than 90 days after the adoption of such revision, and, if it shall appear in the manner provided by law that three-fifths of all the electors voting on the question shall have voted for and ratified such revision, the same shall constitute a new constitution of the State of Minnesota. Without such submission and ratification, said revision shall be of no force or effect. Section 9 of Article IV of the Constitution shall not apply to election to the convention. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 098 004.0 005.0 0 MN 1857 1954 *** Ratified November 2, 1954 SEC. 4. The governor shall communicate by message to each session of the legislature such information touching the state and condition of the country as he may deem expedient. He shall be commander-in-chief of the military and naval forces, and may call out such forces to execute the laws, suppress insurrection and repel invasion. He may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices; and he shall have power, in conjunction with the board of pardons, of which the governor shall be ex-officio a member, and the other members of which shall consist of the attorney general of the State of Minnesota and the chief justice of the supreme court of the State of Minnesota, and whose powers and duties shall be defined and regulated by law, to grant reprieves and pardons after conviction for offenses against the State, except in eases of impeachment. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint a state librarian and notaries public, and such other officers as may be provided by law. He shall have power to appoint commissioners to take the acknowledgment of deeds or other instruments in writing, to be used in the State. He shall have a negative upon all laws passed by the legislature, under such rules and limitations as are in this Constitution prescribed. He may on extraordinary occasions convene both houses of the legislature. He shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, fill any vacancy that may occur in the office of secretary of state, treasurer, auditor, attorney general, and such other state and district offices as may be hereafter created by law, until the end of the term for which the person who had vacated the office was elected, or the first Monday in January following the next general election which ever is sooner, and until their successors are chosen and qualified. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 099 001.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SECTION 1. The judicial power of the state is hereby vested in a supreme court, a district court, a probate court, and such other courts, minor judicial officers and commissioners with jurisdiction inferior to the district court as the legislature may establish. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 100 002.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 2. The supreme court shall consist of one chief judge and not less than six nor more than eight associate judges, as the legislature may establish. It shall have original jurisdiction in such remedial cases as may be prescribed by law, and appellate jurisdiction in all cases, but there shall be no trial by jury in said court. A judge of the district court may be assigned as provided by law temporarily to act as a judge of the supreme court upon its request. The supreme court shall appoint, to serve at its pleasure, a clerk, a reporter, a state law librarian, and such other employees as it may deem necessary. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 101 003.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 3. The number and boundaries of judicial districts shall be established or changed in the manner provided by law but the office of a district judge may not be abolished during his term. There shall be two or more district judges in each district. Each judge of the district court in any district shall be a resident of such district at the time of his selection and during his continuance in office. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 102 004.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 4. There shall be elected in each county one clerk of the district court, whose qualifications and duties shall be prescribed by law, and whose term of office shall be four years. His compensation shall be prescribed by law and shall not be diminished during his term of office. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 103 005.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 5. The district court shall have original jurisdiction in all civil and criminal cases, and shall have such appellate jurisdiction as may be prescribed by law. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 104 006.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 6. The Probate Court shall have unlimited original jurisdiction in law and equity for the administration of the estates of deceased persons and all guardianship and incompetency proceedings, and such further jurisdiction as the legislature may establish, including jurisdiction over the administration of trust estates and for the determination of taxes contingent upon death. Until otherwise provided by law, each county shall constitute a probate court district and there shall be one or more probate judges in each district. Each judge of the probate court in any district shall be a resident of such district at the time of his selection and during his continuance in office. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 105 007.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 7. Judges of the supreme court, the district court, and the probate court shall be learned in the law. The qualifications of all other judges and judicial officers shall be prescribed by law. The compensation of all judges shall be prescribed by the legislature and shall not be diminished during their term of office. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 106 008.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 8. The term of office of all judges shall be six years and until their successors are qualified, and they shall be elected in the manner provided by law by the electors of the state, district, county, municipality, or other territory wherein they are to serve. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 107 009.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 9. Judges of the supreme court and the district court shall not hold any office under the United States except a commission in a reserve component of the military forces of the United States and shall not hold any other office under this state. The term of office of any such judge shall terminate at the time he files as a candidate for an elective office of the United States or for a nonjudicial office of this state. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 108 010.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 10. The legislature may provide by law for retirement of all judges, for the extension of the term of any judge who shall become eligible for retirement within three years after expiration of the term for which he is selected and for the removal of any judge who is incapacitated while in office. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 109 011.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 11. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of judge the governor shall appoint in the manner provided by law a qualified person to fill the vacancy, to hold office until his successor is elected and qualified. The successor shall be elected for a six year term at the next general election occurring more than one year after such appointment. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 110 012.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 12. As provided by law, a retired judge may be assigned to hear and decide any cause over which the court to which he is assigned shall have jurisdiction. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 111 013.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 13. Superceded by the 1956 revision of Article 6. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 112 014.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 14. Superceded by the 1956 revision of Article 6. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 113 015.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 14. Superceded by the 1956 revision of Article 6. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 114 001.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SECTION 1. Subject to the limitations of this article the state may establish, locate, construct, reconstruct, improve and maintain public highways and may assist political subdivisions in such work. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 115 002.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 2. There is hereby created a trunk highway system which shall be established, located, constructed, reconstructed, improved and maintained as public highways by the state. Said trunk highway system shall consist of the trunk highway routes numbered 1 through 70 described in the constitutional amendment adopted November 2, 1920, the trunk highway routes added to said foregoing routes by the legislature prior to the effective date of this article, and such additional routes as may be added to the trunk highway system hereby created pursuant to authority in this article contained. The said highways shall extend as nearly as may be along the routes number 1 through 70 described in said constitutional amendment adopted November 2, 1920, and the routes described in any act of the legislature which has made or will hereafter make a route a part of the said trunk highway system. The more specific and definite location of said routes shall be fixed and determined by such boards, officers or tribunals and in such manner as shall be prescribed by law, but in fixing such specific and definite routes there shall not be any deviation from the starting points or terminals set forth in said routes nor shall there be any deviation in fixing such routes from the various villages and cities named therein through which such routes are to pass. The legislature may add by law new routes to said trunk highway system. Said trunk highway system shall not exceed 12,200 miles in extent, provided however that the legislature may add by law trunk highways to said system in excess of said foregoing mileage limitation as the legislature may determine as necessary or expedient to meet, use, or otherwise take advantage of any federal aid made available by the United States to the State of Minnesota for highway purposes. Any route added by the legislature to the trunk highway system either prior or subsequent to the effective date of this article may be altered, amended, relocated, changed or removed from said system, as provided by law. The definite location of said trunk highways numbered 1 through 70 heretofore fixed pursuant to this article may be thereafter changed and relocated as provided by law but no such change or relocation shall be authorized which would cause a deviation from the starting points or terminals set forth in said routes nor cause any deviation from the various villages and cities named therein through which such routes are to pass. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 116 003.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 3. The legislature is hereby authorized to provide by law for the establishment of a system of county state-aid highways. The county state-aid highway system shall be established, located, constructed, reconstructed, improved and maintained by the counties as public highways in such a manner as shall be provided by law. Such system shall include streets in cities, villages, and boroughs of less than 5,000 population where necessary, as provided by law, to provide an integrated and coordinated highway system and it may include similar streets in other cities, villages, and boroughs. The county state- aid highway system as herein authorized shall not exceed 30,000 miles in extent, provided however that said limitation of 30,000 miles may be increased or decreased by the legislature by law. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 117 004.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 4. The legislature is hereby authorized to provide by law for the establishment of a system of municipal state-aid streets within cities, villages and boroughs having a population of 5,000 or more. The municipal state-aid street system shall be established, located, constructed, reconstructed, improved and maintained as public highways by such cities, villages and boroughs in such manner as shall be provided by law. The municipal state-aid street system as herein authorized shall not exceed 1,200 miles in extent, provided that said limitation of 1,200 miles may be increased or decreased by the legislature by law. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 118 005.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 5. There is hereby created a fund which shall be known as the highway user tax distribution fund. The highway user tax distribution fund shall be used solely for highway purposes as specified in this article. Said fund shall consist of the proceeds of any taxes authorized to be imposed by sections 9 and 10 of this article. After the deduction of collection costs as provided by law and the payment of refunds authorized by law, the net proceeds of such taxes shall be transferred to the following funds in the following proportions; 62 percent to the trunk highway fund; 29 percent to the county state-aid highway fund; nine percent to the municipal state-aid street fund. After January 1, 1963, the legislature is authorized to provide by law that five percent of the net proceeds of the highway user tax distribution fund may be set aside and if so set aside shall be apportioned as provided by law to one or more of the three foregoing funds on such basis as the legislature may determine. After said five percent may have been so set aside the balance of the highway user tax distribution fund shall in all events be transferred to the trunk highway fund, the county state aid highway fund, and the municipal state aid street fund in accordance with the percentages hereinbefore set forth. No change in the apportionment of the proceeds so set aside shall be made within six years of the commencement of the year in which the last previous change occurred. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 119 006.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 6. There is hereby created a trunk highway fund which shall be used solely for the purposes specified in section 2 of this article and the payment of principal and interest of any bonds which may be issued under the authority of section 12 of this article and any bonds issued for trunk highway purposes under the constitution prior to July 1, 1957. All payments of principal and interest on any such bonds issued shall be a first charge on moneys coming into this fund during the year in which such principal or interest is payable. The fund created by this section shall also be used for the carrying on of work undertaken and the discharge of obligations incurred payable out of or chargeable to the trunk highway fund or the trunk highway sinking fund constituted and established by the constitution prior to July 1, 1957, and all money in said funds on the effective date of this article are hereby transferred to the fund created by this section. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 120 007.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 7. There is hereby created a county state-aid highway fund. Said fund shall, in addition to the share of the highway user tax distribution fund transferred to it by section 5, receive and include all moneys accruing from the income derived from investments in the internal improvement land fund. All moneys in the state road and bridge fund as constituted and established by the constitution prior to July 1, 1957, are hereby transferred on the effective date of this article to the fund created by this section. To render aid for highway purposes the county state-aid highway fund shall be apportioned among the counties as provided by law. Except as provided herein, the funds apportioned shall be used by the counties as provided by law for aid in the establishment, location, construction, reconstruction, improvement and maintenance of county state-aid highways. The legislature may authorize the counties, as provided by law, to use a part of said funds so apportioned to them to render aid in the establishment, location, construction, reconstruction, improvement and maintenance of other county highways, township roads, municipal streets, and any other public highways, including but not limited to trunk highways and municipal state-aid streets within the respective counties. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 121 008.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 8. There is hereby created a municipal state-aid street fund. To render aid for highway purposes the municipal state-aid street fund shall be apportioned as provided by law among the cities, villages and boroughs having a population of 5,000 or more. Except as provided herein, the funds apportioned shall be used by such cities, villages and boroughs as provided by law for aid in the establishment, location, construction, reconstruction, improvement and maintenance of municipal state-aid streets. The legislature may authorize such cities, villages and boroughs, as provided by law, to use a part of said funds so apportioned to them to render aid in the establishment, location, construction, reconstruction, improvement and maintenance of other municipal streets and any other public streets, including but not limited to trunk highways within such cities, villages and boroughs and county state-aid highways within the counties wherein such cities, villages and boroughs are located. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 122 009.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 9. The legislature is hereby authorized to provide by law for the taxation of motor vehicles using the public streets and highways of this state on a more onerous basis than other personal property; provided, however, that any such tax on motor vehicles shall be in lieu of all other taxes thereon, except wheelage taxes imposed by political subdivisions solely for highway purposes and except that the legislature may impose such tax upon motor vehicles of companies paying taxes under gross earnings system of taxation and upon the right to use such vehicles upon the public highways notwithstanding the fact that earnings from such vehicles may be included in the earnings of such companies upon which such gross earnings taxes are computed. Any such law may, in the discretion of the legislature, provide for the exemption from taxation of any motor vehicle owned by a nonresident of the state but properly licensed in another state and transiently or temporarily using the streets and highways of the state. The proceeds of such tax shall be paid into highway user tax distribution fund. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 123 010.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 10. The state may levy an excise tax upon any substance, material, fluid, force or other means or instrumentality, or the business of dealing in, selling or producing any or all thereof, used or useful, in producing or generating power for propelling motor or other vehicles used on the public highways of this state. The proceeds of such tax shall be paid into the highway user tax distribution fund. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 124 011.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 11. The legislature may authorize any political subdivision, upon such terms, conditions and in such manner as shall be provided by law, to aid or lend aid in the establishment, location, construction, reconstruction, improvement and maintenance of trunk highways within their respective boundaries. The enumeration as in this section contained of the power of the legislature to authorize political subdivisions to participate in trunk highway work shall never operate or be construed so as to limit, prejudice or curtail in any degree or manner whatsoever any power or authority now vested in the legislature concerning or relating to any other public highways. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 125 012.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 12. The legislature may provide by law for the issue and sale of the bonds of the state in such amount as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of section 2 of this article; provided, however, that the total amount of such bonds issued and unpaid shall not at any time exceed $150,000,000, par value. The proceeds of the sale of such bonds shall be paid into the trunk highway fund. Any bonds so issued and sold shall mature serially over a term not exceeding 20 years. They shall not be sold for less than par and accrued interest and shall not bear interest at a greater rate than five percent per annum. In case the trunk highway fund shall not be adequate to meet the payment of the principal and interest of the bonds authorized by the legislature as hereinbefore provided, the legislature may provide by law, for the taxation of all taxable property of the state in an amount sufficient to meet the deficiency, or it may, in its discretion, appropriate to such fund moneys in the state treasury not otherwise appropriated. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 126 013.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 13. Article XVI and Article IX, section 16, are hereby superseded in their entirety; and any and all provisions of the constitution of the State of Minnesota inconsistent herewith are repealed so far but only so far as the same prohibit or limit the power of the legislature to enact laws authorizing or permitting the doing of the things hereinbefore authorized. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 127 014.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 14. This article shall take effect on the first day of July, 1957. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 128 016.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 16. Superceded by the 1956 revision of Article 16. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections, this section of Article 9 was also superseded] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 129 015.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 15. Superceded by the 1956 revision of Article 16. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 130 016.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 16. Superceded by the 1956 revision of Article 16. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 131 017.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 17. Superceded by the 1956 revision of Article 16. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 132 018.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 18. Superceded by the 1956 revision of Article 16. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 133 019.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 19. Superceded by the 1956 revision of Article 16. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 134 020.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 20. Superceded by the 1956 revision of Article 16. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 135 021.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 21. Superceded by the 1956 revision of Article 16. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 136 022.0 016.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 22. Superceded by the 1956 revision of Article 16. [In 1956, Article 16 was superseded in its entirety, and replaced with new sections] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 137 001.A 009.0 0 MN 1857 1956 *** Ratified November 6, 1956 SEC. 1A. Every person, co-partnership, company, joint stock company, corporation, or association however or for whatever purpose organized, engaged in the business of mining or producing iron ore or other ores in this State, shall pay to the State of Minnesota an occupation tax on the valuation of all ores mined or produced, which tax shall be in addition to all other taxes provided by law, said tax to be due and payable from such person, co-partnership, company, joint stock company, corporation, or association however or for whatever purpose organized, on May first of the calendar year next following the mining or producing thereof. The valuation of ore for the purpose of determining the amount of tax to be paid shall be ascertained in the manner and method provided by law. Funds derived from the tax herein provided for shall be used as follows: 50 percent to the state general revenue fund, 40 percent for the support of elementary and secondary schools and ten percent for the general support of the university. The legislature shall by law make the necessary provisions for carrying out the provisions of this section. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 138 036.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1958 *** Ratified November 4, 1958 SEC. 36. REPEALED *** MEND *** *** MSTART 139 033.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1958 *** Ratified November 4, 1958 SEC. 33. In all cases when a general law can be made applicable, no special law shall be enacted, except as provided in Article XI; and whether a general law could have been made applicable in any case is hereby declared a judicial question, and as such shall be judicially determined without regard to any legislative assertion on that subject. The legislature shall pass no local or special law authorizing the laying out, opening, altering, vacating or maintaining roads, highways, streets or alleys; remitting fines, penalties or forfeitures; changing the names of persons, places, lakes or rivers; authorizing the adoption or legitimation of children; changing the law of descent or succession; conferring rights upon minors; declaring any named person of age; giving effect to informal or invalid wills or deeds, or affecting the estates of minors or persons under disability; exempting property from taxation or regulating the rate of interest on money; creating private corporations, or amending, renewing, extending or explaining the charters thereof; granting to any private corporation, association, or individual any special or exclusive privilege, immunity or franchise whatever or authorizing public taxation for a private purpose. The inhibitions of local or special laws in this section shall not be construed to prevent the passage of general laws on any of the subjects enumerated. The legislature may repeal any existing special or local law, but shall not amend, extend or modify any of the same except as provided in Article XI. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 140 001.0 011.0 0 MN 1857 1958 *** Ratified November 4, 1958 SECTION 1. The legislature may provide by law for the creation, organization, administration, consolidation, division, and dissolution of local government units and their functions, for the change of boundaries thereof, for their officers, including qualifications for office, both elective and appointive, and for the transfer of county seats. No county boundary shall be changed or county seat transferred until approved by a majority of the voters of each county affected voting thereon. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 141 002.0 011.0 0 MN 1857 1958 *** Ratified November 4, 1958 SEC. 2. Every law which upon its effective date applies to a single local government unit or to a group of such units in a single county or a number of contiguous counties is a special law and shall name the unit or, in the latter case, the counties, to which it applies. The legislature may enact special laws relating to local government units, but a special law, unless otherwise provided by general law, shall become effective only after its approval by the affected unit expressed through the voters or the governing body and by such majority as the legislature may direct. Any special law may be modified or superseded by a later home rule charter or amendment applicable to the same local government unit, but this does not prevent the adoption of subsequent laws on the same subject. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 142 003.0 011.0 0 MN 1857 1958 *** Ratified November 4, 1958 SEC. 3. Any city or village, and any county or other local government unit when authorized by law, may adopt a home rule charter for its government in accordance with this constitution and the laws. No such charter shall become effective without the approval of the voters of the local government unit affected by such majority as the legislature may prescribe by general law. If a charter provides for the consolidation or separation of a city and a county, in whole or in part, it shall not be effective without approval of the voters both in the city and in the remainder of the county by the majority required by law. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 143 004.0 011.0 0 MN 1857 1958 *** Ratified November 4, 1958 SEC. 4. The legislature shall provide by law for charter commissions. Notwithstanding any other constitutional limitations, the legislature may require that commission members shall be freeholders, provide for their appointment by judges of the district court, and permit any member to hold any other elective or appointive office other than judicial. Home rule charter amendments may be proposed by a charter commission or by a petition of five percent of the voters of the local government unit as determined by law and shall not become effective until approved by the voters by the majority required by law. Amendments may be proposed and adopted in any other manner provided by law. A local government unit may repeal its home rule charter and adopt a statutory form of government or a new charter upon the same majority vote as is required by law for the adoption of a charter in the first instance. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 144 005.0 011.0 0 MN 1857 1958 *** Ratified November 4, 1958 SEC. 5. Existing laws and charters, valid when adopted shall continue in effect until amended or repealed in accordance with this article. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 145 006.0 011.0 0 MN 1857 1958 *** Ratified November 4, 1958 SEC. 6. Superceded by the 1958 revision of Article 11. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 146 007.0 011.0 0 MN 1857 1958 *** Ratified November 4, 1958 SEC. Superceded by the 1958 revision of Article 11. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 147 003.0 005.0 0 MN 1857 1958 *** Ratified November 4, 1958 SEC. 3. The term of office for the governor and lieutenant governor shall be four years, and until their successors are chosen and qualified. Each shall have attained the age of 25 years and shall have been a bona fide resident of the state for one year next preceding his election. Both shall be citizens of the United States. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 148 005.0 005.0 0 MN 1857 1958 *** Ratified November 4, 1958 SEC. 5. The official term of the secretary of state, treasurer, attorney general, and state auditor shall be four years, and each shall continue in office until his successor shall have been elected and qualified. The further duties and salaries of the executive officers shall each be prescribed by law. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 149 006.0 005.0 0 MN 1857 1960 *** Ratified November 8, 1960 SEC. 6. The Lieutenant Governor shall be ex officio president of the Senate; and in case a vacancy should occur, from any cause whatever, in the office of Governor, he shall be Governor during such vacancy. The compensation of Lieutenant Governor shall be double the compensation of a State Senator. Before the close of each session of the Senate they shall elect a president pro tempore, who shall be Lieutenant Governor in case a vacancy should occur in that office. In case the Governor shall be unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the same shall devolve on the Lieutenant Governor. The legislature may by law provide for the case of the removal, death, resignation, or inability both of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor to discharge the duties of Governor and may provide by law for continuity of government in periods of emergency resulting from disasters caused by enemy attack in this state, including but not limited to, succession to the powers and duties of public office and change of the seat of government. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 150 001.0 007.0 0 MN 1857 1960 *** Ratified November 8, 1960 SECTION 1. Every person of the age of twenty-one years or more who has been a citizen of the United States for three months and who has resided in this state six months and in the precinct for thirty days next preceding an election shall be entitled to vote in that precinct, and the place of voting by one otherwise qualified who has changed his residence within thirty days preceding the election may be prescribed by law. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 151 002.0 008.0 0 MN 1857 1962 *** Ratified November 6, 1962 SEC. 2. The legislature shall make such provisions, by taxation or otherwise, as, with the income arising from the school fund, will secure a thorough and efficient system of public schools in each township in the State. But in no case shall the moneys derived as aforesaid, or any portion thereof, or any public moneys or property, be appropriated or used for the support of schools wherein the distinctive doctrines, creeds or tenets of any particular Christian or other religious sect are promulgated or taught. [Note: Formerly Article 8, Section 3. In 1962, the previous Section 2 was cut from the Constitution and a new Section 4 was added. The remaining sections were accordingly renumbered.] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 152 003.0 008.0 0 MN 1857 1962 *** Ratified November 6, 1962 SEC. 3. The location of the University of Minnesota, as established by existing laws, is hereby confirmed, and said institution is hereby declared to be the University of the State of Minnesota. All the rights, immunities, franchises and endowment heretofore granted or conferred are hereby perpetuated unto the said university; and all lands which may be granted hereafter by Congress, or other donations for said university purposes, shall vest in the institution referred to in this section. [Note: Formerly Article 8, Section 4. In 1962, the previous Section 2 was cut from the Constitution and a new Section 4 was added. The remaining sections were accordingly renumbered.] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 153 004.0 008.0 0 MN 1857 1962 *** Ratified November 6, 1962 Sec. 4. The permanent school fund of the state shall consist of (a) the proceeds of such lands as are or hereafter may be granted by the United States for the use of schools within each township, (b) the proceeds derived from swamp lands granted to the state, and (c) all cash and investments now or hereafter credited to the permanent school fund and to the swamp land fund. No portion of said lands shall be sold otherwise than at public sale, and in the manner provided by law. All funds arising from the sale or other disposition of such lands, or income accruing in any way before the sale or disposition thereof, shall be credited to the permanent school fund. Within limitations prescribed by law, to secure the maximum return thereon consistent with the maintenance of the perpetuity of the fund, such fund may be invested in: (1) interest bearing fixed income securities of the United States and of its agencies, fixed income securities guaranteed in full as to payment of principal and interest by the United States, bonds of the state of Minnesota, or its political subdivisions or agencies, or of other states, but not more than 50 percent of any issue by a political subdivision, shall be purchased; (2) stocks of corporations on which cash dividends have been paid from earnings for five consecutive years or longer immediately prior to purchase, but not more than 20 percent of said fund shall be invested therein at any given time, nor more than one percent in stock of any one corporation, nor shall more than five percent of the voting stock of any one corporation be owned; (3) bonds of corporations whose earnings have been at least three times the interest requirements on outstanding bonds for five consecutive years or longer immediately prior to purchase, but not more than 40 percent of said fund shall be invested in corporate bonds at any given time. The percentages referred to above shall be computed using the cost price of the stocks or bonds. The principal of the permanent school fund shall be perpetual and inviolate forever; provided, that this shall not prevent the sale of any public or private stocks or bonds at less than the cost thereof to the fund; however, all losses not offset by all gains, shall be repaid to the fund from the interest and dividends earned thereafter. The net interest and dividends arising from the investment thereof shall be distributed to the different school districts of the state in proportion to the number of scholars in each district between the ages of five and twenty-one years. No such investment shall be made until approved by a board of investment consisting of the governor, the state auditor, the state treasurer, the secretary of state, and the attorney general, who are hereby constituted a state board of investment for the purpose of administering and directing the investment of all state funds. The state board of investment shall not permit the fund to be used for the underwriting or direct purchase of municipal securities from the issuer or his agent. [Note: In 1962, the previous Section 2 was cut from the Constitution and this new Section 4 was added. The previous Section 4 was renumbered Section 3.] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 154 005.0 008.0 0 MN 1857 1962 *** Ratified November 6, 1962 SEC. 5. The permanent university fund of this state may be loaned to or invested in the bonds of any county, school district, city, town, or village of this state and in first mortgage loans secured upon improved and cultivated farm lands of this state, but no such investment or loan shall be made until approved by the board of commissioners designated by law to regulate the investment of the permanent school fund and the permanent university fund of this state; nor shall such loan or investment be made when the bonds to be issued or purchased would make the entire bonded indebtedness exceed 15 percent of the assessed valuation of the taxable property of the county, school district, city, town, or village issuing such bonds; nor shall any such farm loan or investment be made when such investment or loan would exceed 30 percent of the actual cash value of the farm land mortgaged to secure said investment; nor shall such investments or loans be made at a lower rate of interest than two percent per annum, nor for a shorter period than one year nor for a longer period than 30 years and no change of the town, school district, city, village, or county lines shall relieve the real property in such town, school district, county, village, or city in this state at the time of issuing such bonds from any liability for taxation to pay such bonds. [Note: Formerly Article 8, Section 6. In 1962, the previous Section 2 was cut from the Constitution and a new Section 4 was added. The remaining sections were accordingly renumbered.] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 155 006.0 008.0 0 MN 1857 1962 *** Ratified November 6, 1962 SEC. 6. Such of the school and other public lands of the state as are better adapted for the production of timber than for agriculture, may be set apart as state school forests, or other state forests, as the legislature may provide, and the legislature may provide for the management of the same on forestry principles. The net revenue therefrom shall be used for the purposes for which the lands were granted to the State. [Note: Formerly Article 8, Section 7. In 1962, the previous Section 2 was cut from the Constitution and a new Section 4 was added. The remaining sections were accordingly renumbered.] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 156 007.0 008.0 0 MN 1857 1962 *** Ratified November 6, 1962 SEC. 7. Any of the public lands of the state, including lands held in trust for any purpose, may, with the unanimous approval of a commission consisting of the governor, the attorney general and the state auditor, be exchanged for lands of the United States and/or privately owned lands in such manner as the legislature may provide, and the lands so acquired shall be subject to the trust, if any, to which the lands exchanged therefor were subject, and the state shall reserve all mineral and water power rights in lands so transferred by the state. [Note: Formerly Article 8, Section 8. In 1962, the previous Section 2 was cut from the Constitution and a new Section 4 was added. The remaining sections were accordingly renumbered.] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 157 008.0 008.0 0 MN 1857 1962 *** Ratified November 6, 1962 SEC. 8. Renumbered Article 8, Section 7. [Note: In 1962, the previous Section 2 was cut from the Constitution and a new Section 4 was added. The remaining sections were accordingly renumbered.] *** MEND *** *** MSTART 158 005.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1962 *** Ratified November 6, 1962 SEC. 5. The state shall never be a party in carrying on works of internal improvements, except as authorized by this Constitution, but it may levy an excise tax upon any substance, material, fluid, force, or other means or instrumentality, or the business of dealing in, selling, or producing any or all thereof, used or useful, in producing or generating power for propelling motor or other vehicles used on the public highways of this state, and shall place the proceeds of such tax in the highway user tax distribution fund provided for in this Constitution, and further except in cases where grants of land or other property shall have been made to the state, especially dedicated by the grant to specific purposes, and in such cases the state shall devote thereto the avails of such grants, and may pledge or appropriate the revenues derived from such works in aid of their completion. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 159 006.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1962 *** Ratified November 6, 1962 SEC. 6. Subdivision 1. The state may contract public debts, for which its full faith, credit, and taxing powers may be pledged, at such times and in such manner as shall be authorized by law, but only for the purposes and subject to the conditions stated in this section. Subdivision 2. Public debt may be contracted: (a) for the acquisition and betterment of public land and buildings and other public improvements of a capital nature, and to provide moneys to be appropriated or loaned to any agency or political subdivision of the state for such purposes; provided any law authorizing such debt is adopted by the vote of at least three fifths of the members of each branch of the legislature; (b) as authorized in any other section or article of this Constitution; (c) for temporary borrowing as authorized in subdivision 3; (d) for refunding outstanding bonds of the state or any of its agencies, whether or not the full faith and credit of the state has been pledged for the payment of such bonds; and for refunding certificates of indebtedness authorized by the legislature prior to January 1, 1963. Subdivision 3. As authorized by law, certificates of indebtedness may be issued during each biennium, commencing on July 1 in each odd-numbered year and ending on and including June 30 in the next odd-numbered year, in anticipation of the collection of taxes levied for and other revenues appropriated to any fund of the state for expenditure during that biennium. No such certificates shall be issued with respect to any fund when the amount thereof with interest thereon to maturity, added to the then outstanding certificates against the same fund and interest thereon to maturity, will exceed the then unexpended balance of all moneys which will be credited to that fund during the biennium under existing laws; except that the maturities of any such certificates may be extended by refunding to a date not later .than December 1 of the first full calendar year following the biennium in which such certificates were issued. If moneys on hand in any fund are not sufficient to pay all non-refunding certificates of indebtedness issued on such fund during any biennium and all certificates refunding the same, plus interest thereon, which are outstanding on December 1 immediately following the close of such biennium, the state auditor shall levy upon all taxable property in the state a tax collectible in the then ensuing year sufficient to pay the same on or before December 1 of such ensuing year, with interest to the date or dates of payment. Subdivision 4. Public debt other than certificates of indebtedness authorized in subdivision 3 shall be evidenced by the issuance of the bonds of this state. All bonds issued under the provisions of this section shall mature within not more than 20 years from their respective dates of issue, and each law authorizing the issuance of such bonds shall distinctly specify the purpose or purposes thereof and the maximum amount of the proceeds authorized to be expended for each purpose. The state treasurer shall maintain a separate and special state bond fund on his official books and records, and when the full faith and credit of the state has been pledged for the payment of such bonds the state auditor shall levy each year on all taxable property within the state a tax sufficient, with the balance then on hand in said fund, to pay all principal and interest on state bonds issued under the provisions of this section, due and to become due within the then ensuing year and to and including July 1 in the second ensuing year. The legislature may by law appropriate funds from any source to the state bond fund, and the amount of moneys actually received and on hand pursuant to such appropriations prior to the levy of such tax in any year, shall be used to reduce the amount of tax otherwise required to be levied. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 160 007.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1962 *** Ratified November 6, 1962 SEC. 7. The state shall never contract any public debt, unless in time of war, to repel invasion or suppress insurrection, except in the cases and in the manner provided and referred to in the sixth section of this article. Public debt includes any obligation payable directly, in whole or in part, from a tax of state-wide application on any class of property, income, transaction or privilege, but does not include any obligation which is payable from revenues other than taxes. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 161 014.A 009.0 0 MN 1857 1962 *** Ratified November 6, 1962 SEC. 14A. REPEALED *** MEND *** *** MSTART 162 001.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1962 *** Ratified November 6, 1962 SEC. 1. The legislature shall consist of the Senate and House of Representatives. The Senate shall be composed of members elected for a term of four years and the House of Representatives shall be composed of members elected for a term of two years by the qualified voters at the general election. The legislature shall meet at the seat of government in regular session in each odd numbered year at the time prescribed by law for a term not exceeding 120 legislative days; and no new bill shall be introduced in either branch, except on the written request of the governor, during the last 30 days of such sessions. A special session of the legislature may be called as otherwise provided by this constitution. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 163 001.0 021.0 0 MN 1857 1964 *** Ratified November 3, 1964 SECTION 1. Notwithstanding any other provision of this constitution, Laws of Minnesota 1963, Chapter 81, relating to the taxation of taconite and semi-taconite, and facilities for the mining, production and beneficiation thereof shall not be repealed, modified or amended, nor shall any laws in conflict therewith be valid, for a period of 25 years after the adoption of this amendment; and laws may be enacted, fixing or limiting for a period of not more than 25 years but not extending beyond the year 1990, the tax to be imposed upon persons or corporations engaged in (1) the mining, production or beneficiation of copper, (2) in the mining, production or beneficiation of copper-nickel, or (3) in the mining, production or beneficiation of nickel. Taxes imposed upon the mining or quarrying of taconite or semi-taconite and upon the production of iron ore concentrates therefrom, which are in lieu of a tax on real or personal property, shall not be considered to be occupation, royalty, or excise taxes within the meaning of this amendment. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 164 002.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1964 *** Ratified November 3, 1964 SEC. 2. The number of members who compose the Senate and House of Representatives shall be prescribed by law, but the representation in the Senate shall never exceed one member for every 5,000 inhabitants, and in the House of Representatives one member for every 2,000 inhabitants. The representation in both houses shall be apportioned equally throughout the different sections of the state, in proportion to the population thereof. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 165 007.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1964 *** Ratified November 3, 1964 SEC. 7. The compensation of senators and representatives shall be prescribed by law. But no increase of compensation shall be prescribed which shall take effect during the period for which the members of the existing House of Representatives may have been elected. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 166 023.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1964 *** Ratified November 3, 1964 SEC. 23. The legislature shall have the power to provide by law for an enumeration of the inhabitants of this State, and also have the power at their first session after each enumeration of the inhabitants of this state made by the authority of the United States, to prescribe the bounds of congressional, senatorial and representative districts, and to apportion anew the senators and representatives among the several districts according to the provisions of section second of this article. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 167 032.B 004.0 0 MN 1857 1964 *** Ratified November 3, 1964 SEC. 32B. All lands donated to the State of Minnesota for the purpose of internal improvement, under the eighth section of the act of Congress, approved September fourth, eighteen hundred and forty-one, being "An act to appropriate the proceeds of the sale of the public lands, and to grant pre-emption rights," shall be appraised and sold, in the same manner and by the same officers, and the minimum price shall be the same as is provided by law for the appraisement and sale of the school lands, under the provisions of title one (1), chapter thirty-eight, of the General Statutes, except the modifications hereinafter mentioned. All moneys derived from the sales of said lands shall be invested in the bonds of the United States, or of the State of Minnesota issued since 1860; and the moneys so invested shall constitute the Internal Improvement Land Fund of the State. All moneys received by the county treasurer under the provisions of title one (1), chapter thirty-eight (38), aforesaid, derived from the sale of internal improvement lands, shall be held at all times subject to the order and direction of the state treasurer, for the benefit of the fund to which it belongs; and on the fifteenth day of June in each year, and at such other times as he may be requested so to do by the state treasurer, he shall pay over to the said state treasurer all moneys received on account of such fund. The bonds purchased in accordance with this amendment shall be transferable only upon the order of the governor, and on each bond shall be written "Minnesota Internal Improvement Land Fund of the State, transferable only on the ,order of the governor." The principal sum from all sales of internal improvement lands shall not be reduced by any charges or costs of officers, by fees, or by any other means whatever; and section fifty (50), of title one (1), chapter thirty-eight (38), of the General Statutes, shall not be applicable to the provisions of this amendment, and wherever the words "school lands" are used in said title, it shall read as applicable to this amendment, "Internal Improvement Lands." The force of this amendment shall be to authorize the sale of the internal improvement lands, without further legislative enactment. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 168 026.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1964 *** Ratified November 3, 1964 SEC. 26. REPEALED *** MEND *** *** MSTART 169 004.0 005.0 0 MN 1857 1964 *** Ratified November 3, 1964 SEC. 4. The governor shall communicate by message to each session of the legislature such information touching the state and condition of the country as he may deem expedient. He shall be commander-in-chief of the military and naval forces, and may call out such forces to execute the laws, suppress insurrection and repel invasion. He may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices; and he shall have power, in conjunction with the board of pardons, of which the governor shall be ex officio a member, and the other members of which shall consist of the attorney general of the State of Minnesota and the chief justice of the supreme court of the State of Minnesota, and whose powers and duties shall be defined and regulated by law, to grant reprieves and pardons after conviction for offenses against the State, except in cases of impeachment. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to appoint notaries public, and such other officers as may be provided by law. He shall have power to appoint commissioners to take the acknowledgment of deeds or other instruments in writing, to be used in the State. He shall have a negative upon all laws passed by the legislature, under such rules and limitations as are in this Constitution prescribed. He may on extraordinary occasions convene both houses of the legislature. He shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, fill any vacancy that may occur in the office of secretary of state, treasurer, auditor, attorney general, and such other state and district offices as may be hereafter created by law, until the end of the term for which the person who had vacated the office was elected, or the first Monday in January following the next general election whichever is sooner, and until their successors are chosen and qualified. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 170 008.0 007.0 0 MN 1857 1964 *** Ratified November 3, 1964 SEC. 8. REPEALED *** MEND *** *** MSTART 171 009.0 007.0 0 MN 1857 1964 *** Ratified November 3, 1964 SEC. 9. The official year for the State of Minnesota shall commence on the first Monday in January in each year, and all terms of office shall terminate at that time; and the general election shall be held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. The general election shall be held biennially in each even numbered year. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 172 009.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1968 *** Ratified November 5, 1968 SEC. 9. No senator or representative shall hold any other office under the authority of the United States or the State of Minnesota, except that of postmaster or of notary public. If elected or appointed to another office, a legislator may resign from the legislature by tendering his resignation to the governor. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 173 011.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1968 *** Ratified November 5, 1968 SEC. 11. Every bill which shall have passed the Senate and the House of Representatives, in conformity to the rules of each house and the joint rules of the two houses, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the governor of the state. If he approves, he shall sign and deposit it in the office of secretary of state for preservation, and notify the house where it originated of the fact. But if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to the house in which it shall have originated; when such objections shall be entered at large on the journal of the same, and the house shall proceed to reconsider the bill. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered; and if it be approved by two-thirds of that house it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for or against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house, respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the governor within three days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the legislature, by adjournment within that time, prevents its return. Bills may be presented to the governor during the three days following the day of the final adjournment of the legislature and the legislature may prescribe the method of performing the acts necessary to present bills to the governor after adjournment. The governor may approve, sign and file in the office of the secretary of state, within 14 days after the adjournment of the legislature, any act passed during the last three days of the session, and the same shall become a law. If any bill passed during the last three days of the session is not signed and filed within 14 days after the adjournment, it shall not become a law. If any bill presented to the governor contain several items of appropriation of money, he may object to one or more of such items, while approving of the other portion of the bill. In such case he shall append to the bill, at the time of signing it, a statement of the items to which he objects, and the appropriation so objected to shall not take effect. If the legislature be in session, he shall transmit to the house in which the bill originated a copy of such statement, ,and the items objected to shall be separately reconsidered. If, on reconsideration, one or more of such items be approved by two-thirds of the members elected to each house, the same shall be a part of the law, notwithstanding the objections of the governor. All the provisions of this section, in relation to bills not approved by the governor, shall apply in cases in which he shall withhold his approval from any item or items contained in a bill appropriating money. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 174 017.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1968 *** Ratified November 5, 1968 SEC. 17. The governor shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies as may occur, by resignation or any other cause, in either house of the legislature. The legislature shall prescribe by law the manner in which evidence in cases of contested seats in either house shall be taken. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 175 001.0 009.0 0 MN 1857 1970 *** Ratified November 3, 1970 SECTION 1. The power of taxation shall never be surrendered, suspended or contracted away. Taxes shall be uniform upon the same class of subjects, and shall be levied and collected for public purposes, but public burying grounds, public school houses, public hospitals, academies, colleges, universities, and all seminaries of learning, all churches, church property and houses of worship, institutions of purely public charity, and public property used exclusively for any public purpose, shall be exempt from taxation except as provided in this section, and there may be exempted from taxation personal property not exceeding in value $200, for each household, individual or head of a family, and household goods and farm machinery, as the legislature may determine; Provided, that the legislature may authorize municipal corporations to levy and collect assessments for local improvements upon property benefited thereby without regard to a cash valuation. The legislature may by law define or limit the property exempt under this section, other than churches, houses of worship, and property solely used for educational purposes by academies, colleges, universities and seminaries of learning. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 176 001.0 007.0 0 MN 1857 1970 *** Ratified November 3, 1970 SECTION 1. Every person of the age of 19 years or more who has been a citizen of the United States for three months and who has resided in this state six months and in the precinct for thirty days next preceding an election shall be entitled to vote in that precinct, and the place of voting by one otherwise qualified who has changed his residence within thirty days preceding the election may be prescribed by law. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 177 007.0 007.0 0 MN 1857 1970 *** Ratified November 3, 1970 SEC. 7. Every person who by the provisions of this article shall be entitled to vote at any election and is twenty-one years of age shall be eligible to any office which now is, or hereafter shall be, elective by the people in the district wherein he shall have resided thirty days previous to such election, except as otherwise provided in this Constitution, or the Constitution and law of the United States. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 178 001.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1972 *** Ratified November 7, 1972 SECTION 1. The judicial power of the state is hereby vested in a supreme court, a district court, and such other courts, judicial officers and commissioners with jurisdiction inferior to the district court as the legislature may establish. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 179 002.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1972 *** Ratified November 7, 1972 SEC. 2. The supreme court shall consist of one chief judge and not less than six nor more than eight associate judges as the legislature may establish. It shall have original jurisdiction in such remedial cases as may be prescribed by law, and appellate jurisdiction in all cases, but there shall be no trial by jury in said court. Judges of the district court may be assigned by law temporarily to act as judges of the supreme court upon its request. The supreme court shall appoint, to serve at its pleasure, a clerk, a reporter, a state law librarian, and such other employees as it may deem necessary. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 180 003.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1972 *** Ratified November 7, 1972 SEC. 3. The number and boundaries of judicial districts shall be established or changed in the manner provided by law but the office of a district judge may not be abolished during his term. There shall be two or more district judges in each district. Each judge of the district court in any district shall be a resident of such district at the time of his selection and during his continuance in office. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 181 004.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1972 *** Ratified November 7, 1972 SEC. 4. There shall be in each county one clerk of the district court, whose qualifications and duties shall be prescribed by law, and who shall serve at the pleasure of a majority of the judges of district court in each district. His compensation shall be provided by law. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 182 005.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1972 *** Ratified November 7, 1972 SEC. 5. The district court shall have original jurisdiction in all civil and criminal cases, and shall have such appellate jurisdiction as may be prescribed by law. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 183 006.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1972 *** Ratified November 7, 1972 SEC. 6. Original jurisdiction in law and equity for the administration of the estates of deceased persons and all guardianship and incompetency proceedings, including jurisdiction over the administration of trust estates and for the determination of taxes contingent upon death shall be provided by law. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 184 007.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1972 *** Ratified November 7, 1972 SEC. 7. Judges of the supreme court and the district court shall be learned in the law. The qualifications of all other judges and judicial officers shall be prescribed by law. The compensation of all judges shall be prescribed by the legislature and shall not be diminished during their term of office. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 185 008.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1972 *** Ratified November 7, 1972 SEC. 8. The term of office of all judges shall be six years and until their successors are qualified, and they shall be elected in the manner provided by law by the electors of the state, district, county, municipality, or other territory wherein they are to serve. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 186 009.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1972 *** Ratified November 7, 1972 SEC. 9. Judges of the supreme court and the district court shall not hold any office under the United States except a commission in a reserve component of the military forces of the United States and shall not hold any other office under this state. The term of office of any such judge shall terminate at the time he files as a candidate for an elective office of the United States or for a nonjudicial office of this state. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 187 010.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1972 *** Ratified November 7, 1972 SEC. 10. The legislature may provide by law for retirement of all judges, for the extension of the term of any judge who shall become eligible for retirement within three years after expiration of the term for which he is selected and for the retirement, removal or other discipline of any judge who is disabled, incompetent or guilty of conduct prejudicial to the administration of justice. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 188 011.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1972 *** Ratified November 7, 1972 SEC. 11. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of judge the governor shall appoint in the manner provided by law a qualified person to fill the vacancy, to hold office until his successor is elected and qualified. The successor shall be elected for a six year term at the next general election occurring more than one year after such appointment. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 189 012.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1972 *** Ratified November 7, 1972 SEC. 12. As provided by law, a retired judge may be assigned to hear and decide any cause over which the court to which he is assigned shall have jurisdiction. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 190 013.0 006.0 0 MN 1857 1972 *** Ratified November 7, 1972 SEC. 13. If the probate court is abolished by law, judges of that court who are learned in the law shall become judges of the court that assumes jurisdiction of matters described in section 6. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 191 005.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1972 *** Ratified November 7, 1972 SEC. 5. Each house shall elect its presiding officer and such other officers as may be provided by law; they shall keep journals of their proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, and the yeas and nays, when taken on any question, shall be entered on such journals. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 192 001.0 005.0 0 MN 1857 1972 *** Ratified November 7, 1972 SECTION 1. The executive department shall consist of a governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, auditor, treasurer and attorney general, who shall be chosen by the electors of the State. The governor and lieutenant governor shall be chosen jointly by a single vote applying to both offices, in a manner prescribed by law. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 193 006.0 005.0 0 MN 1857 1972 *** Ratified November 7, 1972 SEC. 6. In case a vacancy should occur, from any cause whatever, in the office of Governor, the lieutenant governor shall be Governor during such vacancy. The compensation of the lieutenant governor shall be prescribed by law. The last elected presiding officer of the Senate shall become lieutenant governor in case a vacancy should occur in that office. In case the Governor shall be unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the same shall devolve on the lieutenant governor. The legislature may by law provide for the case of the removal, death, resignation, or inability both of the Governor and lieutenant governor to discharge the duties of Governor and may provide by law for continuity of government in periods of emergency resulting from disasters caused by enemy attack in this state, including but not limited to, succession to the powers and duties of public office and change of the seat of government. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 194 001.0 020.0 0 MN 1857 1972 *** Ratified November 7, 1972 SECTION 1. The state may at any time pay an adjusted compensation to persons who have served in the Armed Forces of the United States during the period from and including September 16, 1940, through December 30, 1946 or during the period of the Vietnam conflict; may levy taxes and appropriate moneys for such purpose; and if and whenever authorized, and in such amounts and on such terms as may be fixed by law, may expend moneys, may contract debts, may issue and negotiate bonds or certificates of indebtedness, or both, and may pledge the public credit, to provide money therefor. Any inconsistent provisions of the Constitution shall not apply to the provisions of this section, and the purposes for which the credit of the state may be given or loaned as herein provided are declared to be public purposes. The duration of the Vietnam conflict may be defined by law, for the purposes of this section. *** MEND *** *** MSTART 195 001.0 004.0 0 MN 1857 1972 *** Ratified November 7, 1972 SECTION 1. The legislature shall consist of the Senate and House of Representatives. The senate shall be composed of members elected for a term of four years and the house of representatives shall be composed of members elected for a term of two years by the qualified voters at the general election. The legislature shall meet at the seat of government in regular session in each biennium at the times prescribed by law for not exceeding a total of 120 legislative days. The legislature shall not meet in regular session, nor in any adjournment thereof, after the first Monday following the third Saturday in May of any year. After meeting at a time prescribed by law, the legislature may adjourn to another time. "Legislative day" shall be defined by law. A special session of the legislature may be called as otherwise provided by this constitution. *** MEND *** *** CEND ***